Disease relevance of Vision, Binocular

• Strabismus, which is misalignment of the eyes, affects 2-4% of the population and causes loss of binocular vision and amblyopia (vision loss in a structurally normal eye) [1].
• In mammals binocular vision is made possible by the existence in the temporal retina of ipsilaterally projecting ganglion cells (IGCs) (with axons that do not cross the brain midline and join optic fibers from the opposite eye) [2].
• This study compares interocular suppression in subjects with early strabismus and/or anisometropia with binocular rivalry suppression in subjects with normal binocular vision [3].
• RESULTS: Mean visual acuity was > 20/40 (< 0.3 log MAR) with normal binocular vision in 58 children over 7 months of age operated on for bilateral cataracts [4].
• INTRODUCTION: The goal in the treatment of strabismus is to realign the visual axes to eliminate diplopia, produce or restore binocular vision, expand the binocular visual field, and/or provide a normal appearance [5].

Psychiatry related information on Vision, Binocular

• In this study, we investigated how brief periods of ocular misalignment (strabismus) at the height of the critical period alter the cortical circuits that support binocular vision [6].
• Further followup: (Part IV) A case of acute loss of binocular vision and stereoscopic depth perception [7].

High impact information on Vision, Binocular

• Magnitude of binocular vision controlled by islet-2 repression of a genetic program that specifies laterality of retinal axon pathfinding [8].
• Zic2 patterns binocular vision by specifying the uncrossed retinal projection [9].
• The mouse optic chiasm is a model for axon guidance at the midline and for analyzing how binocular vision is patterned [10].
• Thyroid hormone, the trigger for metamorphosis, brings about changes at all levels of the animal, and profoundly alters the visual system, from cellular changes within the eye to new central connections subserving the binocular vision that develops during metamorphosis in some species [11].
• Adjusting the letter height for constant angular subtense (0.2 deg) induced scarcely more accommodation than keeping letter size constantly at 3.5 mm (ANOVA: p<0.0001, post hoc t-test: n.s.). Positive trial lenses reduced the lag of accommodation under monocular viewing conditions and even reversed it with binocular vision [12].

Biological context of Vision, Binocular

• Two owls reared with monocular vision developed esotropic strabismus, whereas three owls reared with fused, but optically deviated binocular vision developed normal eye positions [13].
• We speculate that subnormal binocular vision and the poor visuospatial performance observed in patients with WS may be related to abnormal brain morphogenesis in the region of the occipitoparietal cortex [14].
• In addition, using an SRI Eye-tracker, we documented the eye movements made while testing 2 subjects with small angle strabismus and 4 subjects with normal binocular vision [15].
• Single binocular vision in the primary position, an expanded binocular visual field, and alleviation of a compensatory head position are achievable with strabismus surgery [16].

Associations of Vision, Binocular with chemical compounds

• Due to frequent atypical and variable responses in subjects with or without normal binocular vision, we suggest the examiner use caution when making a diagnosis based solely on the 4 delta BO test [15].
• It has been known for many years that ethanol has an impairing effect on binocular vision and the co-ordination of the ocular motor balance [17].
• The proposed effects of methyldopa on binocular vision are reduced accommodative convergence and increased demand on fusional convergence [18].
• CONCLUSIONS: In this small series, the combination of a disposable soft contact lens and the instillation of diclofenac drops provided significant pain relief while the abrasion healed and allowed the patients to function with binocular vision [19].

Gene context of Vision, Binocular

• Following the workup by the binocular vision clinician, a neuro-ophthalmic consultation was obtained, eventually leading to the diagnosis and confirmation of LHON [20].
• This study measured functional changes in binocular vision, accommodation, and resolution following 30 min use of HMD in both stereoscopic- and non-stereoscopic modes, and compared them to changes following the same task performed on a desk-top CRT display [21].
• Binocular interactions and steady-state VEPs. A study in normal and defective binocular vision (Part II) [22].
• This process may serve to minimize CSF differences between the eyes and maximize binocular vision [23].
• Clinical findings before the onset of myopia in youth: 2. Zone of clear single binocular vision [24].

References