Disease relevance of Visual Acuity

• X-linked congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) is a recessive non-progressive retinal disorder characterized by night blindness, decreased visual acuity, myopia, nystagmus and strabismus [1].
• During the 12-week treatment period, 11 prednisone-treated and 4 cyclosporine-treated patients responded to therapy (61 percent vs. 22 percent; P = 0.018); response was manifested by decreases in eye-muscle enlargement and proptosis and improved visual acuity and total and subjective eye scores [2].
• Aland Island Eye Disease (AIED) is an X-linked form of ocular hypopigmentation--also known as Forsius-Eriksson, or type 2, ocular albinism--in which affected males demonstrate subnormal visual acuity, protanomalous red-green colorblindness, axial myopia, astigmatism, hypoplasia of the fovea, and hypopigmentation of the fundus [3].
• Ocular albinism type I (OA1) is an X-linked disorder characterized by severe reduction of visual acuity, strabismus, photophobia and nystagmus [4].
• We describe a family consisting of 3 affected men with congenital ichthyosis, anosmia, hypogonadism, nystagmus with decreased visual acuity, strabismus, hypopigmentation of the iris, and mirror movements of the hands and feet [5].

Psychiatry related information on Visual Acuity

• Near stereopsis was best in the ATR arms, but this did not produce better near visual acuity or RSVP quality of life [6].
• RESULTS: An 84-year-old woman with poor visual acuity secondary to bilateral, nonexudative, age-related macular degeneration had nonthreatening visual hallucinations 2 weeks after starting oral estrogen for osteoporosis [7].
• Data were collected by means of a carer interview (including the Neuro-Psychiatric Inventory (NPI) and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR)), patient assessment (including Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and measures of corrected visual acuity) and photometric assessment of the room most frequently occupied by the subject [8].
• METHODS: We reviewed the patient's chart, available literature on Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and current recommendations from the Eye Bank of America Association. RESULTS: An 80-year-old woman with a history of granular dystrophy underwent penetrating keratoplasty in 1978 (OS) and 1987 (OD) for decreased visual acuity [9].
• Typical symptoms of methanol intoxication include lethargy, vertigo, vomiting, blurred vision, and decreased visual acuity [10].

High impact information on Visual Acuity

• Interestingly, eye pigment formation is reported to be normal in rp, but we found visual defects (nystagmus, iris transilluminancy, foveal hypoplasia, reduced visual acuity, and evidence of optic pathway misrouting) in affected individuals [11].
• Patients with RP2 mutations had, on average, lower visual acuity but similar visual field area, final dark-adapted threshold, and 30-Hz ERG amplitude compared with those with RPGR mutations [12].
• Gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy (GDLD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized clinically by grayish corneal deposits of amyloid and by severely impaired visual acuity [13].
• Both patients exhibited pigment dilution, impaired visual acuity, nystagmus, a bleeding diathesis, and absent platelet dense bodies, confirming the diagnosis of HPS [14].
• X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (RS) is a recessively inherited disorder resulting in poor visual acuity [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Visual Acuity

• Uveitis and visual acuities improved in five of seven eyes when the patients were treated with chlorambucil, whereas improvement was observed in only four of 13 eyes when treatment consisted of corticosteroids [16].
• METHODS: A total of 60 patients with symptoms and signs of ON with a duration of less than 4 weeks and a visual acuity of 0.7 or less were randomized to treatment with placebo (n = 30) or oral methylprednisolone (n = 30; 500 mg daily for 5 days, with a 10-day tapering period) [17].
• METHODS: Contrast sensitivity and visual acuity were assessed by visual evoked potential testing and compared between 28 children (mean age, 4.90 +/- 4.92 years) with seizure disorders who had taken vigabatrin and 14 typically developing children (mean age, 3.14 +/- 1.70 years) [18].
• Primary endpoints included area of cystoid macular edema measured on late-phase views of fluorescein angiography and visual acuity [19].
• CONCLUSIONS: A 4-week course of acetazolamide therapy results in a statistically significant but small decrease in cystoid macular edema in patients with chronic uveitis, and does not improve visual acuity [19].

Biological context of Visual Acuity

• Measurements included routine ophthalmologic evaluation and recordings of visual evoked responses (VER), electroretinograms (ERG), visual acuity, and visual fields, before, at the end of IFN treatment, and at follow-up visits [20].
• The effects of sildenafil have been systematically investigated in visual function studies in volunteers and in patients with eye disease; sildenafil does not affect visual acuity, visual fields, and contrast sensitivity [21].
• Ethambutol (or streptomycin in children too young to be monitored for visual acuity) should also be included until the results of drug susceptibility studies are available, unless there is little possibility of drug resistance (see Section 1 above) [22].
• RESULTS: The BCAMD phenotype is initially characterized by parafoveal hypopigmentation and good visual acuity, but progresses to a retinitis pigmentosa-like phenotype [23].
• MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients were controlled for initial and final best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, intraocular pressure, fundus examination, fluorescein angiography, and tumor thickness on B-scan ultrasonography [24].

Anatomical context of Visual Acuity

• The main outcome parameters were visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, color discrimination, and retinal grating acuity, as well as serum levels of zinc and copper, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and morphologic changes detected by grading of monochrome fundus photographs and fluorescein angiograms [25].
• Anterior chamber depth (ACD) was assessed with partial coherence interferometry, measured before and after topical application of pilocarpine 2%, and near visual acuity (VA) was evaluated 3 months after surgery [26].
• The patient had normal visual acuity and did not demonstrate a "dark choroid" on fluorescein angiography [27].
• Gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy (GDLD) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of amyloid beneath the corneal epithelium and by severely impaired visual acuity leading to blindness [28].
• It is concluded that bifemelane can be used to improve visual acuity in many patients with central retinal artery obstruction [29].

Associations of Visual Acuity with chemical compounds

• Visual acuity improved only with scopolamine; motion discrimination and oscillopsia improved significantly with scopolamine and benztropine [30].
• Considerations of statistical power in infant studies of visual acuity development and docosahexaenoic acid status [31].
• We hypothesized that preterm infants fed formulas with marine oil as a source of DHA would have better visual acuity than infants fed formulas without marine oil, as measured by the Teller Acuity Card procedure [32].
• Healthy preterm infants fed formula with long-chain n-3 fatty acids (n-3 LCFAs) from marine oil have better early visual acuity but lower plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) arachidonic acid (AA) and growth than infants fed formula containing linolenic acid (LLA) as the sole n-3 fatty acid [33].
• Epinephrine test, visual acuity, ocular pressure, and HbA(1c) did not differ in patients with or without long-term complications [34].

Gene context of Visual Acuity

• A 52-yr-old woman presented with loss of visual acuity, diabetes insipidus, and acromegaly caused by a GHRH-producing endocrine carcinoma metastasized to the pituitary [35].
• The first purpose of this investigation was to determine if visual acuity was related to the presence or absence of the 16-bp duplication in the HPS-1 gene [36].
• RESULTS: Snellen visual acuity was 20/160-2 in the HPS-1 group and 20/125+2 in the HPS-3 group (P = 0.017) [37].
• Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key driver of the neovascularization and vascular permeability that leads to the loss of visual acuity in diabetic retinopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration [38].
• Some carrier females in Families 1 and 2 showed typical RP, most carriers manifested high myopia and astigmatism, and their corrected visual acuity was insufficient [39].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Visual Acuity

• For these patients with RP, all three types of visual acuity were reduced to an equivalent degree from those of a control group of 10 age-similar, visually normal subjects [40].
• After treatment, all patients demonstrated clinical improvements in symptoms, visual acuity, rose Bengal staining, or Schirmer test [41].
• OBJECTIVE: To evaluate tear production, corneal topography, accuracy of refractive correction, and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity in eyes that had moderate to severe rose bengal staining develop on the flap compared with eyes with little or no staining on the flap, the first few months after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) [42].
• CONCLUSIONS: Grid laser photocoagulation therapy for macular edema in patients with BJT appears to neither improve nor stabilize long-term visual acuity [43].
• MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and fluorescein angiography results [44].

References