Disease relevance of Visual Fields

• Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of retinal degeneration characterized by progressive visual field loss, night blindness and pigmentary retinopathy [1].
• All had abnormal sella polytomes or visual fields, amenorrhea with low basal serum gonadotropin levels despite decreased serum estradiol concentrations, and elevated basal serum PRL levels with blunted PRL response to neuroendocrine stimulation tests )thyrotropin-releasing hormone, levodopa, chlorpromazine, and hypoglycemia) [2].
• Retinitis pigmentosa is the name given to a heterogeneous group of hereditary retinal degenerations characterized by progressive visual field loss, pigmentary changes of the retina, abnormal electroretinograms, and, frequently, night blindness [3].
• Usher syndrome is a group of diseases with autosomal recessive inheritance, congenital hearing loss, and the development of retinitis pigmentosa, a progressive retinal degeneration characterized by night blindness and visual field loss over several decades [4].
• Short-term recovery of visual field loss in acromegaly during treatment with a long-acting somatostatin analogue [5].

Psychiatry related information on Visual Fields

• MRI infarcts were more common in participants who were older, had prior stroke, impaired cognition, visual field deficits, slowed repetitive finger tapping (all P < .0001), weakness on toe and heel walking, and history of memory loss, coma, or migraine headaches [6].
• In experiment 1, intake of flunitrazepam generally increased reaction time more during response execution by the left as compared to the right hemisphere, and the most pronounced effect was observed on responses with the right hand, directed across the body axis, to visual stimuli presented in the left visual field [7].
• There is a need for more complete information regarding several aspects of the mechanistic basis of visual field defects associated with vigabatrin that will allow rational clinical decision making [8].
• One patient taking vigabatrin was excluded from the study because her visual field results were unreliable because of multi-infarct dementia [9].
• Posterior choroidal lesions result in visual field deficits, variable sensory loss, weakness, dystonia, tremors, and occasionally amnesia and language impairment [10].

High impact information on Visual Fields

• Visual function recovered faster in the group receiving intravenous methylprednisolone than in the placebo group; this was particularly true for the reversal of visual-field defects (P = 0.0001) [11].
• The representations of the visual field in SI and SII showed a partially retinotopic organization [12].
• In addition, the measurements demonstrate a cluster of visual field maps in ventral occipital cortex (VO cluster) anterior to hV4 [13].
• In the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project 14 patients were notified with lone bilateral blindness, defined as rapid onset of dimming or loss of vision over all of both visual fields simultaneously, lasting under 24 hours, without associated symptoms of focal cerebral ischaemia, epilepsy, or reduction in consciousness [14].
• Visual texture discrimination has been shown to induce long-lasting behavioral improvement restricted to the trained eye and trained location in visual field [Karni, A. & Sagi, D. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 4966-4970] [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Visual Fields

• We have attempted to correlate the presence of somatostatin receptors (SS-R) in the adenomas and the outcome of octreotide treatment, as measured by tumor size, improvements in visual field defects, and hormonal response [16].
• Dopamine and the representation of the upper visual field: evidence from vertical bisection errors in unilateral Parkinson's disease [17].
• One patient in the dexamethasone eyedrop group developed postoperative open-angle glaucoma with profound visual field loss and optic disc cupping, resulting in hand movements vision [18].
• MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Retinal Hemorrhage Score per eye and per subject, visual field examination, regional patterns of parenchymal injury on computerized tomographic scans and necropsy, and retinal/optic nerve sheath hemorrhage distribution at necropsy [19].
• RESULTS: The patient experienced a scotoma in the visual field of the left eye, left retinal venous thrombosis, decreased venous blood flow in the left eye, and heparin-induced antiheparin-platelet antibodies in serum [20].

Biological context of Visual Fields

• Visual field testing, color vision testing, and fluorescein angiography were performed [21].
• Unilateral damage to the lateral occipital region in humans can give rise to impaired motion perception in the contralateral visual field [Plant et al. (1993), Brain, 116, 1303-1335] [22].
• METHODS: Patients with visual symptoms treated chronically with vigabatrin at our center underwent visual evoked potentials (VEP), electroretinograms (ERG), and visual field and ophthalmologic examinations [23].
• From these results, remapping impairments would be demonstrated when a saccade has to be guided across the midline after having fixated an object in either the left or right visual field for patients with either left- or right-side parietal lesions [24].
• The improvements in visual acuities and visual fields persisted even after the levodopa administration was completed [25].

Anatomical context of Visual Fields

• This study suggests that the visual field loss in vigabatrin-treated epileptic patients may result from a sequence of events starting from cone cell injury to a more severe disorganization of the photoreceptor layer [26].
• This phenomenon and the conditions for its occurrence were examined in three different situations: over the retinal blind spot, across the midline of the visual field in commissurotomized patients, and in the blind visual field in hemianopic patients [27].
• METHODS: Humphrey visual fields (program 30-2) were obtained before and after partial temporal lobe resection in 32 consecutive patients with intractable epilepsy [28].
• PURPOSE: To quantify retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) and macular thickness (MT) in patients exhibiting vigabatrin-attributed visual field loss (VAVFL) and to determine the efficacy of these measures as markers of the retinal damage associated with vigabatrin [29].
• Fluorescein angiograms (13 patients), optic nerve photographs (13 patients), focal electroretinograms (3 patients), and nerve fiber analyses (8 patients) were performed in patients with visual field defects [30].

Associations of Visual Fields with chemical compounds

• The cortical locations of neurons responding to stimulation along the vertical or horizontal visual field meridia were charted on three-dimensional models of the cortex and on unfolded maps of the cortical surface [31].
• Recently, vigabatrin-induced visual field constriction (VFC) and abnormal ocular electrophysiological studies were reported [32].
• We used [18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) to study serial changes in the local cerebral metabolic rate of glucose in 5 patients with ischemic lesions of the posterior afferent visual system causing homonymous visual field defects [33].
• Epileptic patients experienced an irreversible loss of their peripheral visual field upon treatment with vigabatrin (gamma-vinyl GABA), an inhibitor of the GABA degrading enzyme, GABA transaminase [26].
• Ibotenic acid lesions were made within the physiologically identified representation of the lower left visual field of area 17 [34].

Gene context of Visual Fields

• Comparison of visual function between comparably aged patients with mutations in RPGR versus RP2 showed that, on average, patients with RPGR mutations have lower ERG amplitudes and smaller visual field areas [35].
• Although no significant difference was seen in the clinical characteristics of female patients with NTG who carried the AGTR2/3123C-->A genotype, patients with CC in the AGTR2 gene had significantly worse visual field scores if they carried ACE/ID+DD (i.e., D carriers; P = 0.012) [36].
• Among the patients with POAG who were carriers of TNF-alpha/-857T, the optineurin/412A carriers had significantly worse (P = 0.020) visual field scores than the non-optineurin/412A ones [37].
• Comparably aged patients with RP1 mutations had visual function that varied by approximately two orders of magnitude, based on visual fields and ERG amplitudes [38].
• Our study suggests that the clinical characteristics such as visual field defect and recurrence are correlated with the high Ki-67 labeling index [39].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Visual Fields

• The X-linked recessive type of retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) causes progressive night blindness, visual field constriction, and eventual blindness in affected males by the third or fourth decade of life [40].
• OBJECTIVE: To derive a visual-evoked potential (VEP) technique for identifying visual field defects in children with epilepsy treated with vigabatrin and unable to perform perimetry [41].
• Clinical features were characterized by visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, electroretinography, fluorescein angiography, kinetic visual field testing, and dark adaptometry [42].
• Each participant underwent a standardized eye examination, which included a Humphrey Visual Field test, applanation tonometry, fundus examination including fundal photographs, and a medical history interview [43].
• The binocular visual field is located where contralateral and ipsilateral laminae are shown to interdigitate by proline autoradiography [44].

References