Disease relevance of Cardenolide

• Circulating bufodienolide and cardenolide sodium pump inhibitors in preeclampsia [1].
• Cloning and functional expression in Escherichia coli of a cDNA encoding cardenolide 16'-O-glucohydrolase from Digitalis lanata Ehrh [2].
• Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of the cardenolide-producing plant Digitalis minor L [3].
• An antitumor cardenolide with inhibitory activity against pseudomonas pseudomallei [4].
• Pharmacological investigations on asclepin--a new cardenolide from Asclepius curassavica. Part I: Cardiotonic activity and acute toxicity [5].

Psychiatry related information on Cardenolide

• Various cardenolide genins and cardenolide glycosides were administered to light-grown and dark-grown DIGITALIS LANATA shoot cultures to investigate conversion reactions related to the formation and rearrangement of the sugar side chain of DIGITALIS glycosides [6].

High impact information on Cardenolide

• We demonstrated previously that mutations of the hapten contact residue HTrp-100 to Arg (where H refers to the heavy chain) resulted in increased specificity for digoxin analogs substituted at the cardenolide 16 position [7].
• However, mutagenesis of H:CDR1 did not result in such a specificity change despite the proximity of the H:CDR1 hapten contact residue Asn-35 to the cardenolide 16 position [7].
• Cross-resistance and biochemical studies with two classes of HeLa cell mutants resistant to cardiac glycosides. The unusual behavior of cardenolide SC4453 [8].
• This single amino acid substitution has already been shown to confer cardenolide insensitivity in the monarch butterfly [9].
• By analyzing the DNA sequence of the putative ouabain-binding site of the alpha-subunit of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase gene of Chrysochus and its close relatives feeding on plants with or without cardenolides, we here trace the evolution of cardenolide insensitivity in this group of beetles [9].

Biological context of Cardenolide

• These data suggest an important role for C16 esters and possibly the presence of a separate binding site on Na+,K+-ATPase corresponding to the cardenolide C16 position [10].
• Identification of a novel cardenolide (2''-oxovoruscharin) from Calotropis procera and the hemisynthesis of novel derivatives displaying potent in vitro antitumor activities and high in vivo tolerance: structure-activity relationship analyses [11].
• ISOPLEXIS CANARIENSIS plants obtained from seeds accumulated cardenolides to about 20 - 40 mumol g (-1) dw as calculated from the levels of cardenolide genins released after acidic hydrolysis of methanolic extracts [12].
• Shoot-tips from several genotypes of the cardenolide-producing perennial shrub Digitalis obscura L. were successfully cryopreserved using the encapsulation-dehydration technique [13].
• Especially in myocardial tissue a significantly lower DH-DGT concentration was measured, indicating the loss of affinity to cardenolide binding sites by hydrogenation [14].

Anatomical context of Cardenolide

• Ouabain-like factor (OLF), a mammalian cardenolide, is a counterpart to plant-derived ouabain and is found in the adrenal, hypothalamus, and blood of several mammalian species [15].
• Ouabain, a cardenolide previously shown to inhibit the export of FGF2 from transiently transfected COS-1 cells, blocked the appearance of FGF2 onto the surface of transfected CF18 cells and MAE ZIP cells but had no detectable effect on C6 and U87MG cells [16].
• The same close correlations are found if dissociation constants of cardenolide receptor complexes and concentrations causing 86Rb-uptake inhibition in human erythrocytes are examined [17].
• Molecular basis of B cell activiation--II. Mitogenicity of cardenolide derivatives [18].
• Now it appears that the inhibitors are steroids released from the adrenal gland and are members of the cardenolide family, e.g., ouabain, and the bufadienolide family, e.g., marinobufagenin [19].

Associations of Cardenolide with other chemical compounds

• A new cytotoxic cardenolide glycoside, euonymoside A (1), was isolated from the bark of Euonymus sieboldianus [20].
• The binding affinity of 5 alpha and 5 beta cardenolide and pregnane derivatives as measured in a radioligand binding assay was determined and their structure-activity relationships compared [21].
• The rhizomes of Convallaria majalis have been analyzed for their steroidal glycoside constituents, resulting in the isolation of a new 5beta-spirostanol triglycoside, named convallasaponin A, along with two known cardenolide glycosides and a known cholestane glycoside [22].
• C-nor-D-homo-homologues of cannogenin and uzarigenin glycosides were isolated along with known cardenolide glycosides from the frozen fresh leaves of Thevetia neriifolia [23].
• An androstane bioside and 3'-thiazolidinone derivatives of doubly-linked cardenolide glycosides from the roots of Asclepias tuberosa [24].

Gene context of Cardenolide

• Cardenolide glucohydrolase II (CGH II) is a cardenolide-specific glucohydrolase obtained from Digitalis lanata leaves [25].
• The chemical structure of a new cardenolide, euonymusoside A (3) has been elucidated on the basis of extensive spectral analysis and enzymic hydrolysis to be acovenosigenin A (1 beta, 3 beta, 14 beta-trihydroxy-5 beta-cardenolide) 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside [26].
• The combination of positive and negative ion FAB mass spectrometry of the cardenolide-type cardiac glycosides provides useful information concerning the molecular weight as well as the structures of both aglycone and sugar moieties [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Cardenolide

• Based on the outcome of mass spectral analysis of purified inhibitor, we raised in rabbits antibodies to conjugates of the commercially available cardenolide ouabain and used them in the development of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for endogenous digitalislike factor (EDLF) [28].
• For HPLC analysis of cardenolide glycosides of Digitalis lanata the separation of the main compounds from other constituents is useful [29].
• Effects of Various Pregnanes and Two 23-Nor-5-cholenic Acids on Cardenolide Accumulation in Cell and Organ Cultures of Digitalis lanata [30].
• The potential of using fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry for the detection and the characterization of digoxin and a series of related cardenolide analogues was investigated [31].
• One strain of each group was selected for biological assay on D. lanata, evaluating growth promotion and cardenolide content in leaves after inoculation performed in the root system [32].

References