Disease relevance of VACCENIC ACID

• Hydrogenation of cis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid to yield trans-11-octadecenoic acid by cell-free preparations of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens has been obtained under strictly anaerobic conditions [1].
• In Rhizobium meliloti, an alfalfa symbiont, the acyl chain is a C16 unsaturated or a (omega-1) hydroxylated fatty acid, whereas in Rhizobium tropici, a bean symbiont, it is vaccenic acid (C18:1) [2].
• BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that ruminant trans fatty acids (FAs), such as vaccenic acid, do not increase the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) [3].
• In addition, we found that C. crescentus, like Escherichia coli, synthesizes vaccenic acid (18:1 delta 11,cis) rather than oleic acid (18:1 delta 9,cis) [4].
• The genus Nitrobacter is characterized by vaccenic acid as the main compound with up to 92% of the fatty acids and the absence of hydroxy fatty acids [5].

High impact information on VACCENIC ACID

• A deletion of nodE resulted in the absence of C16:2 and C16:3 fatty acids, which were replaced by vaccenic acid (delta 11-C18:1), but did not change the proportion of (omega-1)-hydroxylated fatty acids [6].
• The strain with the R. tropici nodA gene produced Nod factors acylated by vaccenic acid, instead of the C16 unsaturated or hydroxylated fatty acids characteristic of R. meliloti Nod factors, and infected and nodulated alfalfa with a significant delay [2].
• In synaptosomal brain membranes, the addition of oleic acid (cis), elaidic acid (trans), and the cis and trans isomers of vaccenic acid, at a concentration of 0.87 mumol of lipid/mg of protein, strongly reduced the Bmax and, to a lesser degree, the binding affinity of the mu-selective opioid [3H]Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-(Me)Phe-Gly-ol ([3H]DAMGO) [7].
• Diets rich in conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid have no effect on blood pressure and isobaric arterial elasticity in healthy young men [8].
• The crystal structure of Blc with vaccenic acid, an unsaturated C18 fatty acid, reveals that the binding site spans across the Blc dimer, opposite to its membrane anchored face [9].

Biological context of VACCENIC ACID

• The objective of this study was to examine the effect on blood pressure (BP) and isobaric arterial elasticity (AE), as a measure of arterial health, of a commercial mixture of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) and of milk fat produced through livestock feeding to have a high content of vaccenic acid (VA) [8].
• Analysis of Delta AUC for the 6-h postprandial period of selected and total fatty acids showed a lower concentration of vaccenic acid (P = 0.002) after the DAG bolus diet [10].
• The aims of this study were to determine whether vaccenic acid (VA; t11-18:1) is converted to c9,t11-CLA in human mammary (MCF-7) and colon (SW480) cancer cell lines and whether VA influences cell viability and other CLA-bioresponsive markers [11].
• Effects of dietary cis 9, trans 11-18:2, trans 10, cis 12-18:2, or vaccenic acid (trans 11-18:1) during lactation on body composition, tissue fatty acid profiles, and litter growth in mice [12].
• We may conclude that a regular intake of CLA, or/and vaccenic acid as its precursor, should work as an excellent preventive agent by modulating lipid metabolism in target tissues thus conferring protection against the attack of insults of different type [13].

Anatomical context of VACCENIC ACID

• Butter naturally enriched in conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid alters tissue fatty acids and improves the plasma lipoprotein profile in cholesterol-fed hamsters [14].
• These changes were also mirrored in the mammary gland, where increases in vaccenic acid (from 27.5 to 163.2 nmol/mg lipid) and CLA (from 17.8 to 108.9 nmol/mg lipid) were similarly observed [15].
• Increasing dietary forage levels from 12 to 36% in beef cattle finishing diets increased BH of unsaturated 18-C fatty acid and outflow of trans-11 vaccenic acid to duodenum without altering cis-9, trans-11 CLA outflow [16].
• All fatty acids tested increased basal insulin release; however, a significantly lower basal insulin release was demonstrated for cells cultured with 0.3 to 0.4 mmol/L trans vaccenic acid compared to equimolar levels of the cis isomer [17].

Associations of VACCENIC ACID with other chemical compounds

• Although the addition of unsaturated fat resulted in marked increases in the milk fat content of trans-11-octadecenoic acid, regardless of dietary fiber concentration, the low fiber diet plus unsaturated fat increased the content of trans-10-octadecenoic acid [18].

Gene context of VACCENIC ACID

• These findings suggest that increased PUFA may limit ruminal production of CLA and trans-vaccenic acid (VA) and/or may depress stearoyl-CoA desaturase expression or activity in lean tissues, which in turn limits CLA formation and accretion in tissues [19].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of VACCENIC ACID

• DESIGN: In a double-blind, randomized, 5-wk, parallel intervention study, 42 healthy young men were given 115 g fat/d from test butter that was high in vaccenic acid (3.6 g vaccenic acid/d) or a control butter with a low content of vaccenic acid [3].

References