Disease relevance of SCD

• A search of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome showed that a previously unidentified gene encodes a fatty-acid desaturase with an N-terminal b(5) domain [1].

High impact information on SCD

• Modulation in delta 9, delta 6, and delta 5 fatty acid desaturase activity in the human intestinal CaCo-2 cell line [2].
• The close resemblance of the two values suggested that unlike cytochrome b5 and its reductase, the stearoyl-CoA desaturase may be largely buried in the endoplasmic reticulum [3].
• Treatment with 75 micromol/L trans-10, cis-12 CLA for 48 h resulted in an approximately 50% reduction of (14)C-acetate incorporation into total lipid and corresponding reductions in mRNA abundance for acetyl CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and stearoyl CoA desaturase, whereas cis-9, trans-11 CLA had no effect on these genes [4].
• Using the fluorescence in situ hybridization technique, the SCD gene was localized to bovine and caprine chromosomes 26q21, and ovine chromosome 22q21 [5].
• The effect of bezafibrate on the activity and mRNA of stearoyl-CoA desaturase and acyl-CoA oxidase in the liver and epididymal white adipose tissue of male Sprague-Dawley rats was determined [6].

Biological context of SCD

• The deduced amino acid sequence of the clones showed 96.5% similarity to that of sheep SCD and more than 88% similarities to other mammalian SCD1s, indicating that the clones are the cDNAs for the bovine SCD1 [7].
• The SCD genotype was not the only genetic factor contributing to fatty acid composition of Japanese Black steers, but the SCD genotype was considered one of the causes of genetic variation in fatty acid composition of Japanese Black steers [8].
• Two types of the SCD gene with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were observed in the ORF of SCD cDNA, in which an amino acid replacement from valine (type V) to alanine (type A) was predicted [8].
• This investigation addressed the hypothesis that stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) gene expression would serve as a postnatal marker of adipocyte differentiation in bovine s.c. adipose tissue [9].
• Up-regulation of SCD therefore did not appear to be the optimal method for increasing the content of unsaturated fatty acids in milk fat [10].

Anatomical context of SCD

• Similarly, these treatments reduced the SCD mRNA abundance to undetectable levels in adipose tissue [11].
• Bovine GH did not significantly affect SCD mRNA abundance in the mammary gland, and bGRF reduced SCD mRNA abundance [11].
• However, dietary Cu did not influence the level of subcutaneous adipose tissue ACC and SCD mRNA [12].
• A significant increase in stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene expression was observed in atrophying muscle, suggesting either that increased fatty acid synthesis is part of the tissue response to caloric restriction, or that SCD plays another role in energy metabolism in the mixed cellular environment of bovine skeletal muscle [13].
• We studied whether two typical effects of fibrates, induction of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (EC 1.14.99.5) and peroxisome proliferation, are related [6].

Associations of SCD with chemical compounds

• Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk arises through microbial biohydrogenation of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the rumen, and by the action of mammary Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (Scd) [14].
• Using the model we found that a 50% up-regulation in SCD activity increased the molar fraction of milk triglyceride 18:1 from 0.30 to 0.33 and 16:1 from 0.04 to 0.06 [10].
• Smoothed profiles of the order parameter, SCD, for 18:0[d35] GalCer proved to be very similar to profiles known for 16:0 and 18:0 fatty acids of glycerolipids in cholesterol-containing bilayers [15].
• The following irrigants were tested at various concentrations: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); iodine potassium-iodide (IKI); Betadine scrub (BS); calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]; chlorine dioxide (SCD) and DMEM (positive control) [16].
• Fatty acid composition and fatty acid elongase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase activities in tissues of steers fed high oleate sunflower seed [17].

Physical interactions of SCD

• Myristic acid-FABP complexes serve as substrates for the Delta(9)-desaturase at mixing rates of >250 rpm [18].

Other interactions of SCD

• Data suggest that when myristic acid is bound to FABP in the form of protein-monomer complexes, its activation to the CoA derivative is not necessary for it to be desaturated by the Delta(9)-desaturase when using mixing rates of >250 rpm [18].
• Influence of bovine growth hormone and growth hormone-releasing factor on messenger RNA abundance of lipoprotein lipase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase in the bovine mammary gland and adipose tissue [11].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of SCD

• A 5-kb long transcript encoding the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) was identified by Northern-blot analysis of poly(A)+ mRNA from caprine lactating mammary gland [5].

References