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MeSH Review

Ruminants

 
 
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Disease relevance of Ruminants

 

Psychiatry related information on Ruminants

 

High impact information on Ruminants

  • In ruminants, portions of a finite store of luteal oxytocin are released synchronously by uterine PGF2alpha pulses [10].
  • The appearance of this mode of digestion has been accompanied by the recruitment of lysozyme as a bacteriolytic enzyme in the stomach both in the ruminants (for example the cow) and later in the colobine monkeys (for example the langur) [11].
  • Although beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) is the major protein in the whey of ruminants, it is not present in rodent milk [12].
  • Because toadfish excrete ammonia, do not use urea as an osmolyte, and have substantial levels of urease in their digestive systems, urea may serve as a transient nitrogen store, forming the basis of a nitrogen conservation shuttle system between liver and gut as in ruminants and hibernators [13].
  • However, previously defined E-selectin carbohydrate ligands, such as sialyl Lewis x on neutrophils and the HECA-452 epitope on human memory lymphocytes, are antigenically different than the carbohydrates on ruminant gamma/delta T cells since the mAbs CSLEX and HECA-452 do not recognize these cells [14].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of Ruminants

 

Biological context of Ruminants

 

Anatomical context of Ruminants

  • Luteal oxytocin in ruminants may thus serve to amplify neural oxytocin signals that are transduced by the uterus into pulses of PGF2alpha [10].
  • Subunit III, a defective serine endopeptidase lacking the typical N-terminal hydrophobic dipeptide is secreted by the pancreas of ruminant species as part of the bovine ternary complex procarboxypeptidase A-S6 [25].
  • Urinary plasminogen activators of ruminants are therefore urothelium derived rather then kidney derived as in some other species; this heterogeneity may have evolved in response to different physiological or dietary factors [26].
  • Trophoblasts of ruminant species secrete multiple forms of a novel Type I interferon (IFN-tau) for a few days preceding implantation [27].
  • Second, ruminant CD4-CD8- gamma delta T cells uniquely express a 220 kD surface Ag recognized by a panel of mAb, recently clustered as WC1 [28].
 

Associations of Ruminants with chemical compounds

 

Gene context of Ruminants

  • A long PRL receptor (lPRLR) and short (sPRLR) isoform were identified in ruminants and rodents, which differ in their distal cytoplasmic domains and possess markedly distinct signaling capacities [34].
  • The structure of the entire TRG2@ locus, the first complete physical map of any ruminant animal TCR gamma locus, is reported here [35].
  • Luteolytic substances (prolactin in rats and prostaglandin F2alpha in ruminants) appear to be involved in increased expression of MCP-1 within the corpus luteum, although it is unclear whether this is a direct or indirect effect [36].
  • Placental lactogen has probably evolved independently on three occasions, from prolactin in rodents and ruminants and from growth hormone in man [37].
  • Based on these results, it seems likely that the Bov-B LINE insert is derived from a long Bov-B LINE repetitive sequence transposed to an ancestral bcnt gene in Ruminantia and reformed as a new exon through new splicing sites in the transposed sequence [38].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ruminants

  • In the clinical trials in which there was complete substitution of fat-modified ruminant foods for conventional ruminant products the fall in serum cholesterol was approximately 10% [39].
  • We have now confirmed, by sequencing polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-derived genomic fragments coding for the OTR 3ICR from a variety of ruminant and non-ruminant species, that additional aa are a general phenomenon in ruminants [40].
  • Western blotting of secretory products of porcine trophoblast with anti-oPAG1 and anti-bPAG1 antisera indicated that pPAG, like PAG from ruminants, had an unexpectedly high M(r)(approximately 70,000).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[41]
  • Sera from imported and domestic ruminants were examined for antibody for CCHF virus, and ticks collected from these animals were tested with an antigen-capture ELISA [42].
  • Following development and validation of a radioimmunoassay for somatostatin, the immunoreactivity of this peptide in the plasma of ruminants was measured and the levels in sheep were 9-31 pM (mean 18 +/- 7 pM, n = 48), in lambs 10-54 pM (mean 25 +/- 10 pM, n = 18) and in calves 5-35 pM (mean 12 +/- 6 pM, n = 22) [43].

References

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  15. Oligosaccharides from placenta: early diagnosis of feline mannosidosis. Warren, C.D., Alroy, J., Bugge, B., Daniel, P.F., Raghavan, S.S., Kolodny, E.H., Lamar, J.J., Jeanloz, R.W. FEBS Lett. (1986) [Pubmed]
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  20. Multiple cDNA sequences and the evolution of bovine stomach lysozyme. Irwin, D.M., Wilson, A.C. J. Biol. Chem. (1989) [Pubmed]
  21. A tandem gene duplication followed by recruitment of a retrotransposon created the paralogous bucentaur gene (bcntp97) in the ancestral ruminant. Iwashita, S., Ueno, S., Nakashima, K., Song, S.Y., Ohshima, K., Tanaka, K., Endo, H., Kimura, J., Kurohmaru, M., Fukuta, K., David, L., Osada, N. Mol. Biol. Evol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  22. Plasma lipid changes in young adult couples consuming polyunsaturated meats and dairy products. Hodges, R.E., Salel, A.F., Dunkley, W.L., Zelis, R., McDonagh, P.F., Clifford, C., Hobbs, R.K., Smith, L.M., Fan, A., Mason, D.T., Lykke, C. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. (1975) [Pubmed]
  23. Molecular phylogeny based on the kappa-casein and cytochrome b sequences in the mammalian suborder Ruminantia. Chikuni, K., Mori, Y., Tabata, T., Saito, M., Monma, M., Kosugiyama, M. J. Mol. Evol. (1995) [Pubmed]
  24. Insensitivity of near-term fetal sheep to cortisol: possible relation to the control of parturition. Wood, C.E. Endocrinology (1988) [Pubmed]
  25. Crystal structure of bovine procarboxypeptidase A-S6 subunit III, a highly structured truncated zymogen E. Pignol, D., Gaboriaud, C., Michon, T., Kerfelec, B., Chapus, C., Fontecilla-Camps, J.C. EMBO J. (1994) [Pubmed]
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  27. Interferon-tau and interferon-alpha interact with the same receptors in bovine endometrium. Use of a readily iodinatable form of recombinant interferon-tau for binding studies. Li, J., Roberts, R.M. J. Biol. Chem. (1994) [Pubmed]
  28. Molecular characterization of the WC1 antigen expressed specifically on bovine CD4-CD8- gamma delta T lymphocytes. Wijngaard, P.L., Metzelaar, M.J., MacHugh, N.D., Morrison, W.I., Clevers, H.C. J. Immunol. (1992) [Pubmed]
  29. The three-dimensional structure of the native ternary complex of bovine pancreatic procarboxypeptidase A with proproteinase E and chymotrypsinogen C. Gomis-Rüth, F.X., Gómez, M., Bode, W., Huber, R., Avilés, F.X. EMBO J. (1995) [Pubmed]
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  32. Conjugated linoleic acid metabolism. Banni, S. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. (2002) [Pubmed]
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  34. Multiple internalization motifs differentially used by prolactin receptor isoforms mediate similar endocytic pathways. Lu, J.C., Scott, P., Strous, G.J., Schuler, L.A. Mol. Endocrinol. (2002) [Pubmed]
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