Disease relevance of beta-Hydroxyethyl sulfide

• Thiodiglycol (2,2'-bis-hydroxyethylsulfide, TDG), the hydrolysis product of the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard, has been implicated in the toxicity of sulfur mustard through the inhibition of protein phosphatases in mouse liver cytosol [1].
• Transformation of thiodiglycol by resting cells of Alcaligenes xylosoxydans PGH10 [2].

High impact information on beta-Hydroxyethyl sulfide

• A simple expedient to prevent such reactions when an excess of reducing agent must be avoided is to run the alkylation in the presence of a thioether such as 2,2'-thiodiethanol rather than a thiol [3].
• Here we introduce a nontoxic embedding medium, 2,2'-thiodiethanol (TDE), which, by being miscible with water at any ratio, allows fine adjustment of the average refractive index of the sample ranging from that of water (1.33) to that of immersion oil (1.52) [4].
• Thiodiglycol, the hydrolysis product of sulfur mustard: analysis of in vitro biotransformation by mammalian alcohol dehydrogenases using nuclear magnetic resonance [1].
• The use of serum-free medium supplemented with 2,2'-thiodiethanol permits terminal differentiation of chick embryo myoblasts to cross-striated, spontaneously contracting myofibers [5].
• Quantitation of the sulfur mustard metabolites 1,1'-sulfonylbis[2-(methylthio)ethane] and thiodiglycol in urine using isotope-dilution Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [6].

Chemical compound and disease context of beta-Hydroxyethyl sulfide

• Biocatalytic transformation of [(2-Hydroxyethyl)thio]acetic acid and thiodiglycolic acid from thiodiglycol by Alcaligenes xylosoxydans ssp. xylosoxydans (SH91) [7].

Biological context of beta-Hydroxyethyl sulfide

• High resolution product mass spectra were acquired for thiodiglycol, the hydrolysis product of mustard and nine other sulfur containing diols, including five longer chain diols that could not be identified during prior LC-ESI-MS analyses [8].
• A cutaneous full-thickness liquid sulfur mustard burn model in weanling swine: clinical pathology and urinary excretion of thiodiglycol [9].
• Stimulation of myogenesis by 2,2'-thiodiethanol in suboptimal tissue culture conditions [10].

Anatomical context of beta-Hydroxyethyl sulfide

• Supplementation of Eagle's minimal essential medium (EMEM) with Dextran T-500, microelements, Thiodiethanol, and catalase, and incubation of the cultures at 35 degrees C instead at 37 degrees C, provided conditions promoting myotube terminal differentiation to cross-striated myofibres [11].

Associations of beta-Hydroxyethyl sulfide with other chemical compounds

• In a further study, a modified analytical method was applied to determine these hydrolysis products and their acid-labile esters as the single analyte thiodiglycol, after treatment with acidic titanium trichloride [12].
• We report here that thiodiglycol is a substrate for horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (Km = 3.68+/-0.45 mM and Vmax = 0.22 +/-0.01 micromol min(-1) mg protein(-1)) and for pyridine nucleotide-linked enzymes in mouse liver and human skin cytosol [13].
• Concentrations of thiodiglycol detected increased up to 10 fold after treatment of the urine with hydrochloric acid, presumably because of the excretion of acid-labile esters of thiodiglycol [12].
• Sulfur mustard (HD) undergoes hydrolysis to form various products such as thiodiglycol (TG) in biological and environmental systems [14].
• Analysis of the sulphur mustard metabolites thiodiglycol and thiodiglycol sulphoxide in urine using isotope-dilution gas chromatography-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry [15].

Gene context of beta-Hydroxyethyl sulfide

• Oxidation of thiodiglycol (2,2'-thiobis-ethanol) by alcohol dehydrogenase: comparison of human isoenzymes [16].
• Analysis of thiodiglycol in urine of victims of an alleged attack with mustard gas, Part II [17].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of beta-Hydroxyethyl sulfide

• Determination of the sulfur mustard hydrolysis product thiodiglycol by microcolumn liquid chromatography coupled on-line with sulfur flame photometric detection using large-volume injections and peak compression [18].
• This result opens the way for sensitive mass spectrometric detection of sulfur mustard exposure of skin by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of (derivatized) thiodiglycol [19].
• This study demonstrates the degradation of thiodiglycol using bioreactors and, more generally, is an experimental study of bioreactor designs for the degradation of growth-inhibitory substances [20].
• Urine, from human volunteers with no known exposure to sulphur mustard, contained detectable but very low concentrations (<0.2ng/ml) of thiodiglycol, consistent with previous observations using different methodologies [15].

References