Disease relevance of Refractometry

• Subjective refractometry, Orbscan slit scanning corneal topography analysis and pachymetry were performed before and 3 months after LASIK for myopia (n=35, -1.00 to -15.50 D, mean -4.75 +/- -3.07 D) or myopic astigmatism (n=22, sphere 0.00 to -9.75 D, mean -4.75 +/- 2.36 D; cylinder -0.75 to -3.50 D, mean -1.68 +/- 0.86 D) [1].
• As a consequence, due to its high refractive index and high dehydration capability, glycerol is a more effective agent in optical clearing than ethylene glycol [2].
• Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of refeeding broilers following a 12-h fast on body weight, serum glucose, serum protein, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, serum sodium, serum potassium, and plasma refractive index [3].

High impact information on Refractometry

• Here, we report measurements obtained with an extended surface forces apparatus, which makes use of fast spectral correlation to gain insight into the behavior of a thin film of cyclohexane confined within attoliter volumes, with simultaneous measurement of film thickness and refractive index [4].
• Invisible liposomes: refractive index matching with sucrose enables flow dichroism assessment of peptide orientation in lipid vesicle membrane [5].
• The potential of refractive index matching in vesicle LD as a general method for studying membrane protein structure was investigated for the membrane pore-forming oligopeptide gramicidin incorporated into the liposome membranes [5].
• We have determined an optical extinction coefficient for caldesmon (E1%(280 nm) = 3.3) by determining its concentration from its refractive index which was measured in the analytical ultracentrifuge [6].
• Because of the presence of TEM modes in the slits, for TM polarization such a system can be rigorously mapped into a high refractive index dielectric slab when the features are smaller than the wavelength of light [7].

Biological context of Refractometry

• The coefficient was determined by use of an improved algorithm based on the Ciddor algorithm [Appl. Opt. 35, 1566 (1996)], extended by us over the 0.20-0.23-microm wavelength range to evaluate the moist air refractive index as a function of wavelength, air pressure, temperature, water-vapor partial pressure, and CO2 volume concentration [8].
• The new neuroendoscope includes a graded refractive index glass rod only 1.0 mm in diameter (Selfoc, Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Osaka), which provides a focal depth from 1 mm to infinity, as well as an extremely bright and wide visual field with an angle of 70 degrees [9].
• Strabismus and any organic eye disease were excluded by orthoptic and ophthalmologic examination, consisting of biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, retinoscopy or refractometry, cover test or Hirschberg test and Lang Stereotest [10].

Anatomical context of Refractometry

• Use of the refractive index to measure the adequacy of glycerol removal from previously frozen erythrocytes [11].
• Among the four morphotype spores, heat resistance did not correlate with total water content, wet density, refractive index, or dipicolinate or cation content, but did correlate with the volume ratio of protoplast to protoplast plus cortex [12].
• Synovial fluid from gentamicin-injected joints had greater turbidity, higher RBC and WBC counts, and higher refractive indices than did joints not injected with gentamicin [13].
• After intravenous injection of fluorescein dye, we made a limited cochleostomy and introduced a compound doublet gradient refractive index endoscope probe 1 mm in diameter into the inner ear [14].

Associations of Refractometry with chemical compounds

• A morphologically stable PVK-based composite containing 40 wt % of ATOP-3 showed an excellent photorefractive response characterized by a refractive index modulation of Deltan approximately 0.007 and a gain coefficient of Gamma approximately 180 cm(-)(1) at a moderate electrical field strength of E = 35 V microm(-)(1) [15].
• The negative dielectric constant of the silver nanoparticles may be decreasing the silica-silver nanodot composite refractive index below that of the water medium [16].
• A cylindrical microcavity of 125 microm diam was surrounded by rhodamine 6G dye molecules in an ethanol solution of lower refractive index such that whispering gallery modes of the microcavity underwent laser oscillation when the dye molecules in the evanescent field region outside the cavity were excited by a second harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser [17].
• The dependence of the refractive index on RH was eliminated by treating the calcined films with trimethylchlorosilane [18].
• In this Letter, we report the first fabrication and experimental verification of a transversely structured metal-dielectric-metal multilayer exhibiting a negative refractive index around 2 microm [19].

Gene context of Refractometry

• The binding to immobilized tetrameric wt-hPAH resulted in a time-dependent increase in the refractive index (up to approx. 3 min at 25 degrees C) with an end point of approx. 75 RU (resonance units)/(pmol subunit/mm(2)) [20].
• This report describes the first nondestructive method for measuring the refractive index of intact crystalline lenses based on the work of Chu (1977) [Electron Lett. 13, 736-738] and Barrell and Pask (1978) [Opt. Commun. 27, 230-234] for optical fibre preforms [21].
• Combining the data from the light scattering, absorbance, and refractive index chromatograms allows us to determine the molecular weight of the protein component of the complex, and therefore to measure the number of bFGF molecules bound per heparin [22].
• Spatial distributions of the projected values of the complex refractive index in the sample are reconstructed by processing near-field images collected at a fixed sample-to-detector distance using a polychromatic incident beam and an energy-sensitive area detector, such as a CCD used in the photon-counting spectroscopy mode [23].
• Subjective refractometry (trial glasses), standard keratometry (Zeiss), and corneal topography analysis (TMS-1; Tomey) were performed before surgery, before removal of the first suture (15.2 +/- 4.2 months), and after removal of the second suture (21.4 +/- 5.6 months) [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Refractometry

• We have developed and validated a modified HPLC method for determining the concentration of L-rhamnose, mannitol, and lactulose in urine, using an amine-modified silica column and refractive index detection [25].
• Bovine vitreous gel was solubilized (apart from a residual collagenous pellet) in 4 M guanidine hydrochloride and after dialysis into phosphate buffered saline analyzed by gel filtration chromatography with in-line measurement of refractive index and multi-angle laser light scattering [26].
• Determination of glycerol in pharmaceutical preparations by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using a refractive index detector [27].
• Polystyrene microspheres of known size and refractive index, for which sigma t and S(theta) can be calculated by Mie theory, were used to test the experimental methods [28].
• The refractive index detection on-line with the biosensor enabled full control of the chromatographic system for the determination of the total amount of ODAP, selectively the amount of beta-ODAP and L-glutamate [29].

References