Disease relevance of Olivine

• High-pressure and high-temperature torsion experiments on olivine aggregates in dislocation creep show about 15 to 20% strain weakening before steady-state behavior, characterized by subgrain-rotation recrystallization and a strong lattice preferred orientation [1].
• In this study, the pulmonary toxicity of blasting sand was compared to five additional abrasive blasting substitutes: steel grit, copper slag, nickel slag, crushed glass, and olivine [2].
• In comparison to blasting sand, olivine exposed rats had higher levels of pulmonary inflammation and damage with a similar level of fibrosis [2].
• Dental caries prevalence in the Rapakivi granite and olivine diabase areas of Laitila, Finland [3].

High impact information on Olivine

• Here we report the percolation threshold for molten iron-sulphur compounds of approximately 5 vol.% in solid olivine, based on electrical conductivity measurements made in situ at high pressure and temperature [4].
• Theoretical models of mantle flow have been used to infer that, for progressive simple shear imparted by the motion of an overriding tectonic plate, the a-axes of olivine crystals should align themselves parallel to the direction of plate motion [5].
• Here we report a rare case in which olivine (with 93.3% forsterite; Mg2SiO4) phenocrysts, precipitated from an unerupted komatiitic melt (approximately 24% MgO) of the Tristan mantle plume head 132 Myr ago, were carried to upper-crust levels in northwest Namibia by less Mg-rich (9.6-18.5% MgO) magmas [6].
• In situ ion microprobe analyses of oxygen isotopes in Yamato-86009 and Murchison chondrites show that they contain abundant olivine-rich inclusions that have large oxygen-16 (16O) excesses, similar to those in spinel grains in calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions in Allende and other carbonaceous chondrites [7].
• At all epochs, 8- to 13-micrometer spectra of the central coma revealed a strong silicate emission feature, including an 11.2-micrometer feature indicative of crystalline olivine, even when the comet was at a heliocentric distance of 4.1 astronomical units [8].

Biological context of Olivine

• The majority of the interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) collected in the stratosphere belong to one of three major classes, the first two dominated by the anhydrous minerals olivine and pyroxene, and the third by hydrous layer-lattice silicates [9].
• Comparative pathological aspects of chronic olivine and silica inhalation in mice [10].
• Here we present experimental measurements of helium solubility in olivine at atmospheric pressure [11].
• Wear of teeth due to occupational exposure to airborne olivine dust [12].

Anatomical context of Olivine

• Olivine inhalation also suppressed splenic PFCs and alveolar macrophage phagocytosis, but to a lesser degree than silica [13].
• In animals tested after 570 days of dust exposure, it was determined that the ability to lyse allogeneic tumor cells in vitro was impaired by olivine slightly more than by silica, while antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic and mitogenic responses by splenic lymphocytes were unchanged by inhalation of either dust [13].
• The occurrence of potassium in dental enamel in the Rapakivi granite and olivine diabase areas of Laitila, Finland [14].

Associations of Olivine with other chemical compounds

• We have studied the effects of the substrate, namely amorphous olivine (MgFeSiO(4)) cosmic dust analogues (CDAs), in synthesis of molecules obtained after 200 keV proton irradiation of formamide (NH(2)COH) [15].
• Changes in the electronic structure of olivine Li(1-x)CoPO(4), 4.8 V positive electrode material for lithium ion batteries, were investigated using the X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) technique [16].
• Data from the Observatoire pour la Minéralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces, et l'Activité (OMEGA) on the Mars Express spacecraft identify the distinct mafic, rock-forming minerals olivine, low-calcium pyroxene (LCP), and high-calcium pyroxene (HCP) on the surface of Mars [17].

Gene context of Olivine

• Assuming diffusional transport in plane sheets, apparent diffusion coefficients were determined at temperatures of 600-800 degrees C. The activation energy for this diffusion in olivine is 208 +/- 17 kJ/mol [18].
• Discovery of olivine in the Nili Fssae region of Mars [19].
• Olivine and pyroxene diversity in the crust of Mars [17].
• Olivine- and HCP-rich regions are found in deposits that span the age range of geologic units [17].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Olivine

• Here we report observations by transmission electron microscopy of olivine samples subjected to pulse laser irradiation [20].
• Although the rheology of olivine, the dominant upper-mantle mineral, has been extensively studied, knowledge about the rheological behaviour of perovskite is limited [21].
• Melt inclusions, or samples of local magma 'frozen' in olivine phenocrysts during crystallization, may record complexities of mantle sources, thereby providing better insight into the chemical structure of plumes [22].
• Longitudinal study of dental caries prevalence in the rapakivi granite and olivine diabase areas of Laitila, Finland [23].

References