High impact information on alpha-Amyrine

• Whereas ATLUP1 is essentially involved in the synthesis of lupeol, ATLUP2 catalyses the production of lupeol, beta- and alpha-amyrin (in a 15:55:30 ratio) [1].
• A systematic study of standard triterpenes (alpha-amyrine, oleanolic acid, betulin, lupeol, betulinic acid and lupenone) and of raw resinous materials (frankincense resin, mastic resin and birch bark pitch) was performed using direct exposure electron ionisation mass spectrometry (DE-MS) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) [2].
• In marked contrast to phenidone, a lipo and cyclooxygenase inhibitor, neither the ether extract nor the alpha-amyrin inhibited arachidonic acid-mediated ear oedema in mice [3].
• Apigenin selectively inhibited the activity of 15-hLO (IC50 : 4.0 +/- 1 microM), while lupenone, lupeol and alpha-amyrin were found active against 15-sLO (IC50 : 22 +/- 3 microM, 35 +/- 9 microM and 15 +/- 3 microM, respectively) [4].
• The phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of ARTEMISIA ARGYI afforded beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, alpha-amyrin, beta-amyrin, friedelin, naringenin, quercetin, and four eudesmane derivatives, two of which were new eudesmanolides [5].

Biological context of alpha-Amyrine

• GC-MS analysis showed that the transformant accumulated a mixture of lupeol, beta-amyrin and alpha-amyrin in a 2:1:1 ratio, indicating that KcMS encodes a multifunctional triterpene synthase, although it showed high sequence homology to a R. communis lupeol synthase [6].
• The phytochemical analysis of Vaccinium corymbosum var bluecrop leaves and callus biomass revealed ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, alpha-amyrin and beta-amyrin in both plant materials [7].

Anatomical context of alpha-Amyrine

• When administered orally at 66 mg/kg BW every 48 h for 5 days from days 32 to 40 post-adjuvant and assessed on day 50, alpha-amyrin palmitate returned the increases in serum hyaluronate and blood granulocytes toward non-arthritic levels and corrected the moderate anaemia of adjuvant arthritis [8].

Associations of alpha-Amyrine with other chemical compounds

• Using modern techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and combined GC-mass spectrometry, beta-sitosterol was identified as the major sterol and alpha-amyrin as the major triterpene of this plant [9].
• Fatty acids (FA), hydrocarbons, alpha-amyrin, stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol were identified in the n-hexane extract of the aerial parts of Sideritis taurica Stephan ex Wild [10].

Gene context of alpha-Amyrine

• Olean-12-enol (16), isomultiflorenol (8), and lupeol (23) were the dominant alcohols in the Cucurbitaceae family, whereas alpha-amyrin (urs-12-enol) (20) was the dominant triterpene alcohol in ATF and MNT [11].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of alpha-Amyrine

• Molecular cloning and functional expression of triterpene synthases from pea (Pisum sativum) new alpha-amyrin-producing enzyme is a multifunctional triterpene synthase [12].

References