Disease relevance of Ptpre

• Protein tyrosine phosphatase epsilon increases the risk of mammary hyperplasia and mammary tumors in transgenic mice [1].
• Moreover, in situ hybridization revealed that PTPepsilon transcripts were detected in the neural tube of day 12 postcoitum embryo, and in the nervous system including brain, spinal cord, and ganglions in a ubiquitous manner in late gestational stages [2].

Psychiatry related information on Ptpre

• The sporadic nature of the tumors, the long latency period prior to their development, and low levels of transgene expression in the tumors indicate that PTPepsilon provides a necessary, but insufficient, signal for oncogenesis [1].

High impact information on Ptpre

• This study examines the effects of ALN on the activity of osteoclast protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP; protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.48), called PTPepsilon [3].
• Other PTP inhibitors--orthovanadate and phenylarsine oxide (PAO)-inhibited PTPepsilon with IC50 values of 0.3 microM and 18 microM, respectively [3].
• Using osteoclast-like cells generated by coculturing mouse bone marrow cells with mouse calvaria osteoblasts, we found by molecular cloning and RNA blot hybridization that PTPepsilon is highly expressed in osteoclastic cells [3].
• The protein-tyrosine phosphatase epsilon (PTP epsilon) is a transmembranal, receptor-type protein that possesses two phosphatase catalytic domains characteristic of transmembranal phosphatases [4].
• PDGF beta receptor tyrosine phosphorylation in PTP-1B ko MEFs but not in PTPepsilon ko MEFs was also higher than that in control cells [5].

Biological context of Ptpre

• The receptor-type form of protein tyrosine phosphatase epsilon (RPTP) is among the few tyrosine phosphatases that can support the transformed phenotype of tumor cells [6].
• Protein tyrosine phosphatase epsilon (PTP epsilon)-deficient mice were generated by targeted deletion of exons 3, 4, and 5 of the Ptpre gene [7].
• A purified fusion protein of PTPepsilon expressed in bacteria was inhibited by ALN with an IC50 of 2 microM [3].
• Dimerization in vivo and inhibition of the nonreceptor form of protein tyrosine phosphatase epsilon [8].
• The results provide genetic evidence that PTPepsilon plays an accessory role in production of mammary tumors in a manner consistent with its upregulation in mammary tumors induced by ras or neu [1].

Anatomical context of Ptpre

• Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase epsilon (PTPepsilonM) is a negative regulator of insulin signaling in primary hepatocytes and liver [9].
• Osteoclast-like cells are generated readily from PTPepsilon-deficient bone-marrow precursors [10].
• In order to test this notion in vivo, we created transgenic mice that express elevated levels of PTPepsilon in their mammary epithelium by use of the MMTV promoter/enhancer [1].
• These findings indicate that tyrosine phosphorylation of PTPepsilon and subsequent binding to Grb may link this phosphatase to downstream events which transduce signals from the cell membrane to its interior [11].
• The non-receptor form of protein tyrosine phosphatase epsilon (cyt-PTP(epsilon)) can be found in cell nuclei, among other cellular locations, while p67 PTP(epsilon), a naturally occurring isoform which lacks the 27 N terminal residues of cyt-PTP(epsilon), is exclusively cytosolic [12].

Associations of Ptpre with chemical compounds

• Chromosomal location of murine protein tyrosine phosphatase (Ptprj and Ptpre) genes [13].

Regulatory relationships of Ptpre

• Protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPepsilon C inhibits Jak-STAT signaling and differentiation induced by interleukin-6 and leukemia inhibitory factor in M1 leukemia cells [14].

Other interactions of Ptpre

• We conclude that PTPepsilon and PTPalpha differ significantly in their regulation of Kv channels and Src in the system examined and that similarity between PTPs does not necessarily result in full functional redundancy in vivo [15].
• PTPepsilon was the only PTPase whose transcripts were induced during PC12D cell differentiation among over two dozen PTPase transcripts so far examined [2].
• Recently, we reported that a cytosolic isoform of protein-tyrosine phosphatase epsilon (PTP epsilon C), when overexpressed, inhibits terminal differentiation and apoptosis of murine M1 myeloblastic leukemia cells induced by interleukin-6 [16].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ptpre

• We have mapped the mouse protein tyrosine phosphatase epsilon (PTP epsilon, gene symbol Ptpre) gene to the distal region of chromosome 7 by linkage analysis using two sets of multilocus genetic crosses [17].

References