Disease relevance of Rock1

• Molecular dissection of the Rho-associated protein kinase (p160ROCK)-regulated neurite remodeling in neuroblastoma N1E-115 cells [1].
• Infestation by immature Ixodes dammini and infection by Borrelia burgdorferi of the white-footed mouse Peromyscus leucopus were studied in Castle Rock State Park in northwestern Illinois during June-October 1990 [2].
• The role of the eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) in the epizootiology of Lyme borreliosis was evaluated in Castle Rock State Park, Illinois (USA), an enzootic region, from June to August 1993 [3].

High impact information on Rock1

• Rac containing an F37A effector site substitution, on the other hand, no longer interacts with the Ser/Thr kinase p160ROCK and is unable to induce lamellipodia or G1 progression [4].
• A critical role for a Rho-associated kinase, p160ROCK, in determining axon outgrowth in mammalian CNS neurons [5].
• Similarly, ROCK-1-null mice (Rock-1(-/-)) showed a marked reduction in myocyte apoptosis associated with pressure overload [6].
• Finally, we have reported that Rock acts independently from RhoA in preventing myoblast exit from the cell cycle and commitment to differentiation and may receive signaling inputs from Raf-1 kinase [7].
• Conversely, Rock inhibition with specific inhibitors and small interfering RNA-mediated gene silencing leads to accelerated progression in the lineage and enhanced cell fusion, underscoring a negative regulatory function of Rock in myogenesis [7].

Biological context of Rock1

• Inhibition of p160ROCK, a kinase effector of RhoA, only partially inhibited cell migration [8].
• This polarized cytoskeleton is dependent upon alpha-catenin, Rho, and Rock, and its regulation may be important for wound healing and/or stratification, where coordinated tissue movements are involved [9].

Anatomical context of Rock1

• Ectopic expression of an activated form of its downstream effector, Rock, impairs differentiation of both avian and mouse myoblasts [7].
• Fine regulation of RhoA and Rock is required for skeletal muscle differentiation [7].
• On the other hand, suppression of p160ROCK activity by expression of a dominant-negative form of p160ROCK induced neurites in the presence of serum by inducing the reassembly of the intermediate filaments and microtubules [1].
• By placing irradiated adherent cells in the periphery of the microculture wells and forcing responding cells to different areas of the well (slant experiments), it was observed that no cell contact was necessary for B cell activation, and that "promoted" contact ("Rock and Roll" experiments) does not increase the efficiency of activation [10].
• Actin cable dynamics and Rho/Rock orchestrate a polarized cytoskeletal architecture in the early steps of assembling a stratified epithelium [9].

Associations of Rock1 with chemical compounds

• Using wild-type and a dominant-negative form of p160ROCK and a p160ROCK-specific inhibitor, Y-27632, we show here that p160ROCK activation is necessary and sufficient for the agonist-induced neurite retraction and cell rounding [1].
• Furthermore, the p160 ROCK kinase inhibitor Y-27632 specifically reduced the migration of cells on meltrin gamma but had no effect on migration of cells on laminin, whilst the general tyrosine phoshorylation inhibitor, genistein, inhibited cell migration on both substrates [11].
• Infestation of the eastern chipmunk, Tamias striatus L., by immature Ixodes dammini Spielman, Clifford, Piesman and Corwin was studied in Castle Rock State Park in northwestern Illinois during June-October 1991 [12].

Other interactions of Rock1

• Altogether, our results indicate that Rho/Rock acts on signaling pathways favoring nuclear translocation during tangential migration of PCN [13].
• We recently identified a novel human protein kinase, p160 ROCK, as a putative downstream target of the small GTPase Rho [14].

References