Disease relevance of CLSTN1

• Within CS1 and CS3 which exhibit a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic character, respectively, the amino acid composition of the Ad41 protein is less conserved than the corresponding regions in all other analyzed adenovirus types [1].
• The colostrum pool and individual samples showed variable antienterotoxigenic E. coli immunoglobulin A titers, that were reactive with colonization factor antigen I and CS1/CS3 (colonization factor antigen II) [2].
• The mean CS1 'D' scores were 66.46 +/- 1.90 (controls), 66.31 +/- 2.14 (asymptomatic HIV positive) and 56.62 +/- 4.23 (symptomatic AIDS) [3].

High impact information on CLSTN1

• We show here that Alcalpha strongly associates with kinesin light chain (K(D) approximately 4-8 x 10(-9) M) through a novel tryptophan- and aspartic acid-containing sequence [4].
• There was no evidence to support the presence of KS in either the CS1 or the CS2 domains nor the presence of CS in the KS-rich domain [5].
• The focus of this work was to determine how length polymorphism affects the structure of the CS1 domain and whether CS and KS chains can coexist in the different glycosaminoglycan-attachment domains [5].
• Variation in repeat number may occur in any of these domains, with the consequence that CS1 domains of the same length may possess different amino acid sequences [5].
• The structure of the CS chains was shown to vary between the CS1 and CS2 domains, particularly in the adult, with variation occurring in chain length and the sulfation of the non-reducing terminal N-acetyl galactosamine residue [5].

Biological context of CLSTN1

• Time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) ELISA was more sensitive than standard colorimetric ELISA for measuring serum antibody responses to CFA/II and its components, CS1 and CS3 [6].
• The most common CF phenotypes were colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) (10%), coli surface antigen 6 (CS6) (9%), CS14 (6%), and CS1 plus CS3 (4%) [7].
• The results showed that both a low and a high level of methamidophos application (CS2 and CS3) and urea application (CS4) significantly decreased microbial biomass C (Cmic) by 41-83% compared with the control (CS1) [8].
• Radiation hybrid mapping data indicate that CS-1 and CS-2 map to q2.1-2.5 of pig chromosome 8 (SSC8) and q2.4 of pig chromosome 14 (SSC14), respectively [9].
• Point mutations in the two kinesin-binding segments of calsyntenin-1 significantly reduced binding to KLC1 in vitro, and vesicles bearing mutated calsyntenin-1 exhibited a markedly altered anterograde axonal transport [10].

Anatomical context of CLSTN1

• In addition, the CFU (colony-forming unit) numbers of methamidophos metabolized bacteria in CS2 and CS3 also increased significantly by 86.1% and 188.9% compared with that of CS1 [8].
• The mRNA expressions of both CS-1 and CS-2 are regulated in skeletal muscle similarly during postnatal development but not during prenatal development, indicating differences in function, additionally demonstrated by minute differences in cellular localization within Pig Kidney Epithelial cells (PK15) [9].
• In summary, our results indicate that calsyntenin-1 links a certain type of vesicular and tubulovesicular organelles to the Kinesin-1 motor [10].
• In primary neuronal cultures, calsyntenin-1-containing organelles were aligned along microtubules and partially colocalized with Kinesin-1 [10].
• In this sense, CS-1 could be a good candidate because it is expressed preferentially in heart, to a lesser extent in smooth muscle cells, but not in kidney [11].

Associations of CLSTN1 with chemical compounds

• A similar time course was seen if CS2 was increased to 100% RMT, but there was no significant effect if CS1 was 70% RMT [12].
• The present work demonstrates that keratan sulfate (KS) in the glycosaminoglycan-binding region of disc aggrecan is confined to the KS-rich domain of the core protein and is not present in association with chondroitin sulfate (CS) in the CS1 and CS2 domains [13].
• Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the exact role of CS-1 and ubiquinone biosynthesis protein COQ7 in the setting of hypertension-induced LVH [11].

Other interactions of CLSTN1

• Serum IgG response rates to CS1 or CS3 were 55% in PTL-003 recipients and 15% in PTL-002 recipients (P = 0.02) [6].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CLSTN1

• A feasibility study of an enteral ETEC vaccine prototype consisting of colonization factor antigen II (CFA/II), containing two component antigens CS1 and CS3, encapsulated in biodegradable polymer microspheres (BPM) was conducted in healthy volunteers [14].
• A complex containing calsyntenin-1 and the Kinesin-1 motor was isolated from developing mouse brain and immunoelectron microscopy located calsyntenin-1 in association with tubulovesicular organelles in axonal fiber tracts [10].

References