Disease relevance of KRT31

• This study examined exercise-induced changes in CGRP and AM levels in 12 healthy sea level natives at sea level (SL) and subsequently after 24 h (HA1) and 5 days (HA5) in high altitude hypoxia (4559 m) [1].
• The polymorphic minor histocompatibility antigen HA-1 induces powerful T-cell alloreactivities with important consequences for graft-vs-tumor activity and development of graft-vs-host disease in patients after human leukocyte antigen-matched stem-cell transplantation (SCT) [2].
• On the enhancement of anti-neurotoxin antibody production by subcomponents HA1 and HA3b of Clostridium botulinum type B 16S toxin-haemagglutinin [3].
• Construction of eukaryotic expressing plasmids encoding HA and HA1 of influenza A virus and their transient expression in HEK293 cells [4].
• Therefore, the results confirm the successful construction of eukaryotic expressing plasmids capable of driving the eukaryotic expression of influenza virus antigen HA and HA1, which is likely to provide a basis for both further investigation of the mechanism of influenza viral infection and the development of influenza DNA vaccine [4].

High impact information on KRT31

• We show that the tailless hHa1-t is functional, since both recombinant hHa1 and hHa1-t form identical keratin intermediate filaments when assembled in vitro with a type II hair keratin partner [5].
• We detected a G-A substitution in the 5' splice site of intron 6 of the hHa1 gene, which segregates with the 41-kDa protein phenotype in two pedigrees and is responsible for the formation of an abnormally spliced hHa1 mRNA species [5].
• Direct sequencing of the NA or HA1 gene segments in viruses isolated from ferret after treatment showed no amino acid substitutions known to cause drug resistance in conserved residues [6].
• Two human IgM antibodies, Ha1 and Pi1, with specificity for the alpha2,8-disialyl motif reacted strongly with NK cells in a sialic acid-dependent manner and less strongly with T cells and monocytes [7].
• The diallelic locus encoding the minor histocompatibility antigen HA-1 is evolutionarily conserved [2].

Biological context of KRT31

• We show that this protein is a size variant of the large type I hair cortex keratin hHa1 due to a genetic polymorphism in the hHa1 gene [5].
• W(max) at SL, HA1 and HA5 increased CGRP and AM along with heart rate, lactate and catecholamines, whereas, calcitonin remained unchanged [1].

Anatomical context of KRT31

• In contrast, hHa1 expression in the upper transitional cell compartment is uncoupled from the nuclear co-expression of the LEF1/beta-catenin complex seen in normal hair follicles (Cribier et al., J Invest Dermatol 2004; 122: 1078) [8].

Associations of KRT31 with chemical compounds

• 2. Seven compounds were isolated of which four were identified as follows: Ha-1, 5-hydroxytryptamine; Ha-3, GSPYFVamide; Ha-4, pQPPLPRYamide; Ha-5, SGYLAFPRMamide [9].
• Isolation and characterization of a human glutathione S-transferase Ha1 subunit gene [10].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of KRT31

• In ELISA additivity assays, the low additivity indexes (</=28.3) of each pair Mabs indicated that the epitopes recognized by the six Mabs were located on the globular head of HA1 [11].
• HA and HA1 genes were amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into pcDNA3.1(+) to generate pcDNA3.1(+)/HA and pcDNA3.1(+)/HA1, respectively [4].

References