High impact information on AMH

• The anti-Müllerian hormone gene (Amh) is responsible for regression in males of the Müllerian ducts [1].
• We showed here that SF1 is able to activate the chicken Amh promoter and binds to its putative SF1 binding site [1].
• To investigate the regulation of chicken Amh expression, we have cloned Amh cDNAs from quail and duck as well as the promoter regions of the gene from chicken, quail, and duck [1].
• The expression patterns of Amh during embryonic development in these three species were found to be similar, suggesting that the regulatory mechanisms of Amh expression are conserved [1].
• Evidence for activation of Amh gene expression by steroidogenic factor 1 [1].

Biological context of AMH

• Sex differentiation and mRNA expression of P450c17, P450arom and AMH in gonads of the chicken [2].
• Although it is unknown whether the sex-determining gene resides in the W chromosome or whether a gene-dosage mechanism is involved in sex determination, it is clear that anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and androgen play a key role for testicular development, whereas estrogen is important for ovarian formation [3].

Anatomical context of AMH

• (1) In indifferent gonads of both sexes, AMH is expressed in dispersed medullar cells [4].
• We previously demonstrated that, unlike in mammals, the onset of AMH expression occurs in chick embryo in the absence of SOX9 [4].
• In mammals, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by Sertoli cells from the onset of testicular differentiation and by granulosa cells after birth [4].
• It could be then concluded that puromycin acted at the level of the testis by inhibiting the AMH production [5].
• Co-treatment of donors at the same stage with both Tamoxifen (TAM) and E2 restores the initially observed activity, thus demonstrating the presence of Tamoxifen-sensitive estrogen receptors at the late stage of treatment in the Sertoli cells responsible for AMH secretion [6].

Associations of AMH with chemical compounds

• In contrast, the injection of estradiol induced P450arom mRNA expression significantly but suppressed AMH mRNA expression in the male [2].
• Our data give further support to the view that testosterone and estrogens act respectively as agonist and antagonist modulators of the secretion of the anti-müllerian hormone [7].
• Is the anti-Müllerian hormone, produced by young rooster testes, an androgenic steroid? An electron microscopic study after administration of cyproterone-acetate [8].

Other interactions of AMH

• Transcripts of the genes for sex-determining factors except Wpkci and AMH were detected in both sexes but had no sexual dimorphism [9].
• Sertoli cells make a number of substances that affect testicular development and function, particularly anti-Müllerian hormone, which inhibits female oviduct formation from the Müllerian anlage, inhibits aromatase activity to stop estrogen production, and possibly stimulates androgen production by Leydig cells [10].

References