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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
MeSH Review

Gonads

 
 
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Disease relevance of Gonads

 

Psychiatry related information on Gonads

 

High impact information on Gonads

  • To analyze Sox9 function during sex determination, we ectopically expressed this gene in XX gonads [7].
  • During embryogenesis, wild-type XX fetal gonads downregulate Sox9 expression, whereas XY and XX Ods/+ fetal gonads upregulate and maintain its expression [8].
  • Measurements of serum müllerian inhibiting substance in the evaluation of children with nonpalpable gonads [2].
  • Mutations in egl-15 alter the nature of the interaction between the gonad and the SMs, resulting in the posterior displacement of the SMs [9].
  • By analyzing a large number of tra-1 genetic mosaics we have shown that, with the expected exception of vulval induction by the hermaphrodite gonad, tra-1 functions cell-autonomously, consistent with a role as an intracellular component of a signaling pathway [10].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of Gonads

 

Biological context of Gonads

  • Although the biological functions of lactogen binding sites remain uncertain, a relationship between prolactin and lipoprotein metabolism is implied by the occurrence of prolactin receptors in steroidogenic cells of the gonads and adrenal, and by the ability of prolactin to increase esterified cholesterol in the testis [16].
  • Postembryonically gex-3 activity is required for egg laying and for proper morphogenesis of the gonad [17].
  • Analysis of expression patterns and characterization of the gonad phenotype in Pdgfr-alpha(-/-) embryos identified PDGFR-alpha as a critical mediator of signaling in the early testis at multiple steps of testis development [18].
  • SPGYLA encodes an RNA binding protein expressed only in the human male gonad [19].
  • The increase in cell proliferation began less than 24 hours after the onset of Sry expression, before the establishment of male-specific gene expression patterns, and before the appearance of any other known male-specific morphological changes in the XY gonad [20].
 

Anatomical context of Gonads

 

Associations of Gonads with chemical compounds

 

Gene context of Gonads

  • We propose that Ods has removed a long-range, gonad-specific regulatory element that mediates the repression of Sox9 expression in XX fetal gonads [8].
  • The LIM homeobox gene Lhx9 is essential for mouse gonad formation [22].
  • We find that gon-1 is expressed in two sites, leader cells and muscle, and that expression in each site has a unique role in forming the gonad [31].
  • A DM domain gene called Dmrt1 has been implicated in male gonad development in a variety of vertebrates, on the basis of embryonic expression and chromosomal location [32].
  • In one example, daf-18 appears to constitute a cell-autonomous germline signal that converges with a somatic gonad signal mediated by ceh-18 at a kinase inhibition [33].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Gonads

References

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  2. Measurements of serum müllerian inhibiting substance in the evaluation of children with nonpalpable gonads. Lee, M.M., Donahoe, P.K., Silverman, B.L., Hasegawa, T., Hasegawa, Y., Gustafson, M.L., Chang, Y.C., MacLaughlin, D.T. N. Engl. J. Med. (1997) [Pubmed]
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  17. The GEX-2 and GEX-3 proteins are required for tissue morphogenesis and cell migrations in C. elegans. Soto, M.C., Qadota, H., Kasuya, K., Inoue, M., Tsuboi, D., Mello, C.C., Kaibuchi, K. Genes Dev. (2002) [Pubmed]
  18. Pdgfr-alpha mediates testis cord organization and fetal Leydig cell development in the XY gonad. Brennan, J., Tilmann, C., Capel, B. Genes Dev. (2003) [Pubmed]
  19. A SPGY copy homologous to the mouse gene Dazla and the Drosophila gene boule is autosomal and expressed only in the human male gonad. Shan, Z., Hirschmann, P., Seebacher, T., Edelmann, A., Jauch, A., Morell, J., Urbitsch, P., Vogt, P.H. Hum. Mol. Genet. (1996) [Pubmed]
  20. Sry induces cell proliferation in the mouse gonad. Schmahl, J., Eicher, E.M., Washburn, L.L., Capel, B. Development (2000) [Pubmed]
  21. Primary genetic control of somatic sexual differentiation in a mammal. O, W.S., Short, R.V., Renfree, M.B., Shaw, G. Nature (1988) [Pubmed]
  22. The LIM homeobox gene Lhx9 is essential for mouse gonad formation. Birk, O.S., Casiano, D.E., Wassif, C.A., Cogliati, T., Zhao, L., Zhao, Y., Grinberg, A., Huang, S., Kreidberg, J.A., Parker, K.L., Porter, F.D., Westphal, H. Nature (2000) [Pubmed]
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  24. Follistatin: a multifunctional regulatory protein. Phillips, D.J., de Kretser, D.M. Frontiers in neuroendocrinology. (1998) [Pubmed]
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  26. Hypothalamic hamartoma: a source of luteinizing-hormone-releasing factor in precocious puberty. Judge, D.M., Kulin, H.E., Page, R., Santen, R., Trapukdi, S. N. Engl. J. Med. (1977) [Pubmed]
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  31. Control of organ shape by a secreted metalloprotease in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Blelloch, R., Kimble, J. Nature (1999) [Pubmed]
  32. Dmrt1, a gene related to worm and fly sexual regulators, is required for mammalian testis differentiation. Raymond, C.S., Murphy, M.W., O'Sullivan, M.G., Bardwell, V.J., Zarkower, D. Genes Dev. (2000) [Pubmed]
  33. Genetic redundancy masks diverse functions of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN during C. elegans development. Suzuki, Y., Han, M. Genes Dev. (2006) [Pubmed]
  34. Purification and characterization of an FSH releasing protein from porcine ovarian follicular fluid. Vale, W., Rivier, J., Vaughan, J., McClintock, R., Corrigan, A., Woo, W., Karr, D., Spiess, J. Nature (1986) [Pubmed]
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