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Gene Review

NOS2  -  nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible

Ovis aries

Synonyms: INOS, NOS2A
 
 
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Disease relevance of INOS

 

High impact information on INOS

 

Biological context of INOS

 

Anatomical context of INOS

 

Associations of INOS with chemical compounds

  • We hypothesized that aminoguanidine (AG), a proposed selective inhibitor of iNOS, would alter pulmonary hemodynamics, fluid filtration, and gas exchange after endotoxin in chronically instrumented awake sheep [11].
  • In cultured sheep and goat Mphi, a low proportion of cells expressed iNOS upon activation by L. monocytogenes and gamma interferon, resulting in nitrite generation at least 1 order of magnitude lower than that in similarly treated cattle Mphi [3].
  • Suppression by dexamethasone of inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression in vivo: a possible role for lipocortin 1 [12].
  • Western blot and densitometric analysis of organ homogenates from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated rats (1-10 mg kg(-1), i.p.) exhibited a strong induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression seen at all the doses tested (1, 3, and 10 mg kg(-1), n = 3) [12].
  • The animals were then randomised into two groups: MEG group [30 mg/kg mercaptoethylguanidine (MEG), selective inhibitor of iNOS and peroxynitrite scavenger, was given 1 h after injury and then 8 h for 41 h, n = 7] and control group (0.9% NaCl, n = 7) [13].
 

Other interactions of INOS

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of INOS

  • Both the groups and a control group of animals showed an increase in iNOS protein and message in their lungs [5].
  • The results identify a major role for iNOS in mediating extrapulmonary comorbidity in a clinically relevant and severe trauma model and support the use of highly selective iNOS inhibitors as novel treatments in critical care medicine [16].
  • This result was highly significant (p < 0.001) Inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA was 7,853 +/- 2,229 copies/microg total RNA for the AVCO2R group and 5,854 +/- 2,070 copies/microg total RNA for the ventilator managed animals [14].

References

  1. Effect of ONO1714, a specific inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on lung lymph filtration and gas exchange during endotoxemia in unanesthetized sheep. Koizumi, T., Ogasawara, H., Yamamato, H., Tsushima, K., Ruan, Z., Jian, M., Fujimoto, K., Kubo, K. Anesthesiology (2004) [Pubmed]
  2. The inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor BBS-2 prevents acute lung injury in sheep after burn and smoke inhalation injury. Enkhbaatar, P., Murakami, K., Shimoda, K., Mizutani, A., Traber, L., Phillips, G.B., Parkinson, J.F., Cox, R., Hawkins, H., Herndon, D., Traber, D. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. (2003) [Pubmed]
  3. Comparison of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in the brains of Listeria monocytogenes-infected cattle, sheep, and goats and in macrophages stimulated in vitro. Jungi, T.W., Pfister, H., Sager, H., Fatzer, R., Vandevelde, M., Zurbriggen, A. Infect. Immun. (1997) [Pubmed]
  4. Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in regulation of pulmonary vascular tone in the late gestation ovine fetus. Rairigh, R.L., Le Cras, T.D., Ivy, D.D., Kinsella, J.P., Richter, G., Horan, M.P., Fan, I.D., Abman, S.H. J. Clin. Invest. (1998) [Pubmed]
  5. Role of nitric oxide in vascular permeability after combined burns and smoke inhalation injury. Soejima, K., Traber, L.D., Schmalstieg, F.C., Hawkins, H., Jodoin, J.M., Szabo, C., Szabo, E., Virag, L., Salzman, A., Traber, D.L., Varig, L. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. (2001) [Pubmed]
  6. Selective inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase: effects on hemodynamics and regional blood flow in healthy and septic sheep. Booke, M., Hinder, F., McGuire, R., Traber, L.D., Traber, D.L. Crit. Care Med. (1999) [Pubmed]
  7. Adenoviral transfer of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene blocks endothelial cell apoptosis. Tzeng, E., Kim, Y.M., Pitt, B.R., Lizonova, A., Kovesdi, I., Billiar, T.R. Surgery (1997) [Pubmed]
  8. Skin nitric oxide and its metabolites are increased in nonburned skin after thermal injuries. Oliveira, G.V., Shimoda, K., Enkhbaatar, P., Jodoin, J., Burke, A.S., Chinkes, D.L., Hawkins, H.K., Herndon, D.N., Traber, L., Traber, D., Murakami, K. Shock (2004) [Pubmed]
  9. Ovariectomy alters the structural and biomechanical properties of ovine femoro-tibial articular cartilage and increases cartilage iNOS. Cake, M.A., Appleyard, R.C., Read, R.A., Smith, M.M., Murrell, G.A., Ghosh, P. Osteoarthr. Cartil. (2005) [Pubmed]
  10. Early axonal and glial pathology in fetal sheep brains with leukomalacia induced by repeated umbilical cord occlusion. Ohyu, J., Marumo, G., Ozawa, H., Takashima, S., Nakajima, K., Kohsaka, S., Hamai, Y., Machida, Y., Kobayashi, K., Ryo, E., Baba, K., Kozuma, S., Okai, T., Taketani, Y. Brain Dev. (1999) [Pubmed]
  11. Effect of aminoguanidine on lung fluid filtration after endotoxin in awake sheep. Evgenov, O.V., Hevroy, O., Bremnes, K.E., Bjertnaes, L.J. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. (2000) [Pubmed]
  12. Suppression by dexamethasone of inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression in vivo: a possible role for lipocortin 1. Bryant, C.E., Perretti, M., Flower, R.J. Biochem. Pharmacol. (1998) [Pubmed]
  13. The effect of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibition on smoke inhalation injury in sheep. Soejima, K., McGuire, R., Snyder, N., Uchida, T., Szabó, C., Salzman, A., Traber, L.D., Traber, D.L. Shock (2000) [Pubmed]
  14. Interleukin-8, aquaporin-1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in smoke and burn injured sheep treated with percutaneous carbon dioxide removal. Schmalstieg, F.C., Chow, J., Savage, C., Rudloff, H.E., Palkowetz, K.H., Zwischenberger, J.B. ASAIO journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992) (2001) [Pubmed]
  15. An experimental animal model of aseptic loosening of hip prostheses in sheep to study early biochemical changes at the interface membrane. El-Warrak, A.O., Olmstead, M., Schneider, R., Meinel, L., Bettschart-Wolfisberger, R., Akens, M.K., Auer, J., von Rechenberg, B. BMC musculoskeletal disorders [electronic resource]. (2004) [Pubmed]
  16. Inducible nitric oxide synthase dimerization inhibitor prevents cardiovascular and renal morbidity in sheep with combined burn and smoke inhalation injury. Enkhbaatar, P., Murakami, K., Shimoda, K., Mizutani, A., Traber, L., Phillips, G., Parkinson, J., Salsbury, J.R., Biondo, N., Schmalstieg, F., Burke, A., Cox, R., Hawkins, H., Herndon, D., Traber, D. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. (2003) [Pubmed]
 
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