Disease relevance of CD4

• Crescentic glomerulonephritis in CD4- and CD8-deficient mice. Requirement for CD4 but not CD8 cells [1].
• They support the hypothesis that crescent formation is a manifestation of CD4-dependent (and CD8-independent) delayed type hypersensitivity in the glomerulus [1].
• These results demonstrate that vaccination with VV recombinants containing the complete env gene of BLV protects sheep against infection and that protection correlated with a CD4 T-cell response to a defined epitope [2].
• In this study we have depleted various subpopulations of T cells in vivo and shown that the population of CD4-8-TcR alpha beta+ T cells is responsible for providing "help" in the antibody response of CD4-deficient mice to vesicular stomatitis virus infection [3].

High impact information on CD4

• The surface phenotypes (CD1, CD4, CD5, CD8, SBU-T19, MHC class I, MHC class II, and sIg) of cells in blood, lymph nodes, and lymph were determined to examine simultaneously the distribution of lymphocyte subsets circulating in blood, afferent lymph, and efferent lymph of a peripheral lymph node [4].
• Taken together, these results are the first to show that gamma delta-TCR bearing CD3+, CD4-, and CD8- T cells are functional and reverse oral tolerance when adoptively transferred [5].
• Sheep inoculated with recombinants containing the complete env gene showed a CD4 response to a defined epitope of gp51, but this response was absent 4 months postchallenge [2].
• Protection of sheep against bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection by vaccination with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing BLV envelope glycoproteins: correlation of protection with CD4 T-cell response to gp51 peptide 51-70 [2].
• Blood and lymph lymphocytes were phenotyped using monoclonal antibodies against CD4, CD8, gd T-cell receptors and a surface marker on ovine B cells [6].

Biological context of CD4

• These studies demonstrate a functional role for CD4 positive T cells as effector cells within glomeruli, separate from their role in humoral immunity, in the development of crescentic GN [7].
• Morphometric analysis revealed significant increases in numbers of cells expressing CD5, CD4, CD8, CD45R (mainly B cells), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens, Fc receptors (FcR) on macrophages (VPM32) and FcR on B cells and macrophages (VPM33) from five days post-infection [8].
• An hemagglutination assay according to standard procedures was performed along with the flow cytofluorometric analysis of leukocyte surface antigens CD4, CD8 and CD45 [9].
• PP lymphocytes were isolated to determine cell numbers and phenotypes (CD4, CD8, alphabetaTCR, gammadeltaTCR, B220; n = 40) [10].

Anatomical context of CD4

• Previously, we and others have demonstrated that CD4-deficient mice have a normal number of T cells and B cells with a significant population of CD4-8-TcR alpha beta+ T cells [3].
• These results indicate that CD4 is not absolutely necessary for positive selection or effector function of class II MHC-restricted helper T cells [3].
• The dietary alpha-linolenate to linoleate balance was reflected in the proportion of (n-3) and (n-6) highly unsaturated fatty acids with 20- and 22-carbon chains in spleen phospholipids, but the ratio did not affect the proportion of T lymphocyte subsets expressing CD4 and CD8 antigens in splenic leukocytes [11].
• The relative proportions of CD5, CD4, CD8, SBU-T19 and surface immunoglobulin (sIg)-positive lymphocytes in normal sheep livers were determined by flow cytometry analysis of isolated liver leucocytes and compared to lymphocyte subpopulations found in peripheral blood and hepatic lymph nodes [12].
• Eosinophils in blood and mammary glands were negative for MHC class II, CD25 and CD4 [13].

Associations of CD4 with chemical compounds

• The study of calcium mobilization and tyrosine kinase activation, mediated by CD4 cross-linking permitted verification of the functionality of cells [14].
• It was found that aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) was a particularly effective inhibitor, blocking mAb binding to human, mouse, pig, sheep and rat CD4 by greater than 90% and to chicken CD4 by 80-90% [15].
• This paper introduces a transgenic (Tg) mouse in which the majority of the CD4-bearing T cells have T-cell receptors that react with ovalbumin (OVA) as a model for ethanol research [16].
• RESULTS: At baseline, we found significant differences in the expression of CD4, CD8, and L selectin between peripheral blood T cells and tissue T cells [17].
• Depending on the time of exposure to cyclophosphamide, DTC either increased the percentage of CD4 thymocytes or decreased the percentage of CD8, which subsequently led increased CD4/CD8 coefficient [18].

Other interactions of CD4

• A faster rate of activation by gamma delta T cells compared to either CD4 or CD8 T cells was seen in the time-course of IL-2 receptor alpha chain (CD25) cell-surface expression [19].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CD4

• These changes were most severe in those joints of sensitized sheep which had received an intra-articular injection of collagen and were characterized by increased numbers of T cells in the synovial tissue, mainly of the CD4 phenotype [20].

References