Disease relevance of BMP5

• Over-expression of BMP4 and BMP5 in a child with axial skeletal malformations and heterotopic ossification: A new syndrome [1].
• In this study, we examined the differential allelic expression (DAE) of BMP5 in human mesenchymal tissues obtained from 16 donors undergoing joint replacement for treatment of osteoarthritis [2].
• Our findings suggest that BMP-2/4 and BMP-5 but not BMPR-IA might be involved in the metastasis of oral carcinoma cells [3].
• Many individuals with Down syndrome, who have BMP-5 as children, do not have the condition in adulthood [4].

Psychiatry related information on BMP5

• However, BMP-4 and BMP-5 messages could be detected in RNA isolated from a Morbus Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) lesion [5].

High impact information on BMP5

• Using DAE as a phenotype, we attempted to map tissue-specific cis-regulatory polymorphisms, and we identified a single nucleotide polymorphism located downstream of BMP5, which was significantly associated with DAE in some but not all of the examined tissues [2].
• We had previously failed to detect an association with BMP5 using gene-based single-nucleotide polymorphisms [6].
• A recent study of mice carrying different combinations of mutations in the genes for two bone morphogenetic factors (BMPs), BMP5 and GDF5, indicates that BMPs have specific and synergistic functions in the regulation of skeleton development [7].
• Bone morphogenetic protein-5, -6 and -7 inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in human myeloma cells [8].
• In contrast, changes in BMP5 and BMP7 expression in the perichondrium correspond to altered differentiation states of the flanking chondrocytes [9].

Biological context of BMP5

• RESULTS: Sympathetic neurons cultured in the absence of serum or glial cells do not form dendrites; however, addition of BMP-5 causes these neurons to extend multiple dendritic processes, which is preceded by an increase in phosphorylation of the Smad-1 transcription factor [10].
• Therefore, BMP-5 gene expression seems to be associated with MS and CJD lesions, whereas the BMP-4 gene appears to be constitutively expressed in the human brain [5].
• The mature domain of the protein-coding region is 99% identical to the Drosophila melanogaster 60 A gene and 73% identical to human bone morphogenetic protein 5 [11].

Anatomical context of BMP5

• In situ hybridization and immunocytochemical studies indicate that the spatiotemporal expression of BMP5, -6, and -7 in rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG) is consistent with their proposed role in dendritogenesis [12].
• Therefore, it remains unclear which effects BMP-5 and -6 have on the generation of osteoclasts and by which mechanism osteoclastogenesis is stimulated [13].
• Concerning the effects of BMP-5 on osteoblasts, there was a dose-dependent increase of ALP activity and proliferation up to a maximum dose of 300 ng/mL [13].
• The metastatic carcinoma cells in lymph nodes were strongly and positively stained for BMP-2/4 and BMP-5 when compared with the primary lesions [3].

Regulatory relationships of BMP5

• BMP-5 and -6 were less potent in stimulating osteoclastogenesis compared to BMP-2 [13].
• The dendrite-promoting activity of BMP-5 is significantly inhibited by the BMP antagonists noggin and follistatin and by a BMPR-IA-Fc chimeric protein [10].
• BMP-4 and BMP-5 are expressed in normal synovial tissue and were found decreased in OA and RA [14].

Other interactions of BMP5

• Expression of BMP-5 and BMP-8 was not seen [15].
• In conclusion, this study demonstrates that in contrast to BMP-2, BMP-5 and -6 influences the generation of osteoclasts in a biphasic mode [13].
• The presented data show that BMP-5 and BMP-6, unlike BMP-2, enhanced the formation of murine TRAP+/MNCs in a biphasic curve [13].
• At the mRNA level, BMP-5 increased the RANKL/OPG ratio [13].
• Even in normal brain, RNA expression of BMP-4, but not that of BMP-5, was detected [5].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of BMP5

• RT-PCR and immunocytochemical analyses indicate that BMP-5 mRNA and protein are expressed in the superior cervical ganglia (SCG) during times of initial growth and rapid expansion of the dendritic arbor [10].
• Differential expression of BMP-4 and BMP-5 was validated by semiquantitative RT-PCR, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry [14].
• Validation by PCR confirmed these data in RA (p < 0.002) and also revealed a significant decrease in BMP-4 and BMP-5 expression in OA compared with ND (p < 0.015) [14].
• Expression of BMP-4 and BMP-5 mRNA was found to be significantly decreased in synovial tissue of patients with RA in comparison with ND by microarray analysis (p < 0.0083 and p < 0.0091) [14].

References