Disease relevance of VANGL1

• Transfection of antisense S-oligonucleotides, but not of sense S-oligonucleotides, into hepatoma cells suppressed expression of VANGL1 and subsequent growth of these cells was inhibited to a marked degree [1].
• Interestingly, two of the phage surface displayed peptides enriched with basic amino acid residues, STB1 (HKKPSKS) and STB2 (TKRNNKR), showed a cross binding affinity to both metal oxides [2].
• On the other hand, STB2 mRNA was significantly down-regulated in a pancreatic cancer cell line AsPC-1 [3].
• Assembly site of cyanophage LPP-2-SPL in Plectonema boryanum [4].
• STB2 is highly expressed in MKN28, MKN74 (gastric cancer), BxPC-3, PSN-1, and Hs766T (pancreatic cancer) cells [5].

High impact information on VANGL1

• Increased Vangl1 phosphorylation after stimulation with ITF corresponded to decreased cell membrane association with E-cadherin [6].
• Vangl1 cell membrane association increased with differentiation, as demonstrated by co-localization with E-cadherin in differentiated IEC [6].
• Vangl1 protein may serve as an effector mediating the ITF healing response of the intestinal mucosa [6].
• Vangl1 protein acts as a downstream effector of intestinal trefoil factor (ITF)/TFF3 signaling and regulates wound healing of intestinal epithelium [6].
• Vangl1 was present in normal human colon and all intestinal epithelial cell lines (IEC) tested [6].

Biological context of VANGL1

• This prompted us to ask whether another van gogh/strabismus gene, one more closely related to human VANGL1, exists in the zebrafish genome [7].
• STB2 gene was clustered with Calsequestrin 2 (CASQ2) gene in tail-to-tail manner (interval less than 5.0 kb), and CASQ2 gene is mapped to human chromosome 1p11-p13.3 or linked to human chromosome 1p13-p21 [3].
• STB2 gene consisted of at lest 7 exons, and encoded a 524-amino-acid protein with 4 transmembrane domains and the C-terminal Ser/Thr-X-Val motif [3].
• Here, STB2/VANGL1 gene fragments were identified in human genome draft sequences by using bioinformatics, and STB2 cDNAs were isolated by using cDNA-PCR [3].
• STB1 and STB2 genes are located around cancer susceptibility loci or recombination hot spots in the human genome [5].

Associations of VANGL1 with chemical compounds

• In transfected IEC, FLAG-Vangl1 was mostly present in the Nonidet P-40 soluble fraction as detected by Western blotting, corresponding to the localization of endogenous protein in cytoplasmic vesicular structures by confocal microscopy with rabbit polyclonal anti-human Vangl1 antibody (alpha-Vangl1) [6].

Other interactions of VANGL1

• Isolation and characterization of a novel human gene, VANGL1, as a therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma [1].
• Human STB2 was homologous to human STB1 (73.1% total-amino-acid identity) and Xenopus Stbm (72.7% total-amino-acid identity) [3].
• STB2 mRNA was significantly up-regulated in gastric cancer cell lines MKN28, MKN74, pancreatic cancer cell lines BxPC-3, PSN-1 and Hs766T [3].
• MAGI3 assembles FZD, VANGL, PTEN, and adhesion molecules [8].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of VANGL1

• This is the first report on molecular cloning and characterization of STB2 [3].
• STB1 and STB2 might be suitable targets for tissue engineering in the field of re-generative medicine and for chemoprevention and treatment in the field of clinical oncology [5].

References