Disease relevance of Exotropia

• Miosis and exophoria were increased in a dose-related manner by hydrocodone/homatropine [1].
• Cyclic or alternate-day esotropia developed in a patient following strabismus surgery for intermittent exotropia, which resulted in a small overresponse or overcorrection [2].
• The patient had hypertelorism, exotropia, and high myopia [3].
• The 21 year-old propositus presented with severe mental retardation, microcephaly, asymmetric face, exotropia, hypogonadism, joint hypermobility, rocker bottom feet, and 10 low digital arches [4].
• A 26-year-old man developed transient bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia with exotropia after cranial irradiation and intrathecal administration of methotrexate for lymphoma [5].

Psychiatry related information on Exotropia

• PURPOSE: Although there have been studies in the past of the difference between distance and near stereopsis in intermittent exotropia, no such comparisons have been studied and/or reported for other forms of strabismus, nor for strabismic functional amblyopia, or for refractive functional amblyopia [6].

High impact information on Exotropia

• We identified frequent deletion/insertion polymorphisms in the 20-alanine homopolymer stretch of PMX2B, with a modest association between these functional polymorphisms and constant exotropia in schizophrenia (P=0.029) [7].
• This study reveals that a subtype of strabismus, constant exotropia, displays marked association with schizophrenia (P=0.00000000906) [7].
• Nalbuphine produced exophoria and impairment on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test in a dose-related fashion [8].
• As expected, the inactivation of medial rectus motoneurons resulted in an exophoria and weakness of adduction for the eye ipsilateral to the lidocaine injection [9].
• Does overcorrecting minus lens therapy for intermittent exotropia cause myopia [10]?

Chemical compound and disease context of Exotropia

• BACKGROUND: Classic teaching suggests that surgery for intermittent exotropia should be based on distance/near differences [11].
• Haloperidol alone proved inert on performance but enhanced the decremental effects of nalbuphine on digit substitution and exophoria at 1 h [12].
• Prifinium bromide was administered for eight weeks to three patients with exotropia [13].
• The Newcastle Control Score: a new method of grading the severity of intermittent distance exotropia [14].
• The higher dose dexmedetomidine also caused impaired cognitive, coordinative and reactive skills (although a trend towards improved coordination was found at 6 h), reduced attention, produced exophoria, increased body sway with the eyes open and caused drowsiness, clumsiness, passiveness and mental slowness on the appropriate VAS scales [15].

Biological context of Exotropia

• Divergence excess strabismus is a fairly common anomaly of binocular vision, characterized by constant or intermittent exotropia at distance, absence of significant amblyopia, and normal stereopsis at near [16].

Anatomical context of Exotropia

• Six of eight patients with strabismus had abducens nerve palsy (four bilateral), one patient had a sensory exotropia, and one had a comitant esotropia [17].
• Simultaneous correction of blepharoptosis and exotropia in aberrant regeneration of the oculomotor nerve by strabismus surgery: a new, simplified ptosis correction for selected cases [18].

Gene context of Exotropia

• Main outcome measure: Presence or absence of mutation in PHOX2A gene in two siblings with exotropia and recessive CFEOM [19].
• The amount of aggrecan may be related to motor aspects of intermittent exotropia [20].
• The second was that there was a regression from the full exophoria position toward the midline while the eye was under cover that correlated with a possible paradoxical projection situation [21].
• Most were orthotropic, but one with SCA-3 had exotropia at near [22].
• RESULTS: A 10-month-old healthy boy presented with intermittent right exotropia [23].

References