Disease relevance of Goiter, Endemic

• To define the role of various factors which contribute to endemic goiter in Vietnam, we surveyed 935 people in Vancon, a lowland commune with goiter appearing only in the past decade, and 619 people in Dich Giao, a highland commune with endemic goiter treated erratically with iodized salt [1].
• Iodine prophylaxis for endemic goiter caused transient increase of 0.01-0.04% over the basal incidence of hyperthyroidism peaking at 1-3 years and normalizing in 3-10 years despite continued iodide exposure [2].
• Iodide-induced thyrotoxicosis (IIT) occurs in patients with: 1) endemic goiter; 2) nonendemic goiter; 3) no previous thyroid disease [2].
• Endemic cretinism is still present in an endemic goiter area of the central Apennines (Montefeltro) (goiter prevalence 55%; mean urinary iodine level 39 micrograms/g creatinine) [3].
• In conclusion, FNA appears to be differentially utilized depending on the incidence of endemic goiter, Graves' disease, and thyroid cancer [4].

High impact information on Goiter, Endemic

• In contrast, however, large epidemiological studies of areas of endemic goiter do not show an association of human thyroid cancer with iodine deficiency and presumed chronic thyroid gland stimulation [5].
• The study aim was to determine the effects of VAD and vitamin A (VA) supplementation on thyroid function in an area of endemic goiter [6].
• DESIGN: A trial of oral iodine supplementation was carried out in an area of endemic goiter in western Côte d'Ivoire in goitrous children (n = 109) aged 6-12 y [7].
• Randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial of low dose iodide in endemic goiter [8].
• The prevalence of thyroglobulin antibody and thyroperoxidase antibody in endemic goiter patients did not differ from that in control subjects residing in the same iodine-deficient area [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Goiter, Endemic

• Thyroid hormone and immunological studies in endemic goiter [10].
• Evidence that cassava ingestion increases thiocyanate formation: a possible etiologic factor in endemic goiter [11].
• In this area, endemic goiter associated with moderate iodine deficiency [59 +/- 3 (+/- SE) microgram iodine/g creatinine], as defined by WHO criteria, affects 65% of the population [12].
• All Graves' IgG that stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation in FRTL-5 cells also stimulated cAMP production in this culture system, whereas no adenylate cyclase stimulation was produced by IgG from patients with endemic goiter [9].
• Lactate dehydrogenase activity, a marker of cytosolic enzyme, was not lower in endemic goiter tissues than in normal tissues, suggesting that both tissues possessed functioning cells capable of producing cytosolic enzyme [13].

Biological context of Goiter, Endemic

• Thyroglobulin exon 10 gene point mutation in a patient with endemic goiter [14].
• Recent advances in protein metabolism and in glycoprotein synthesis bring further insight into endemic goiter epidemiology [15].
• Children with and without endemic goiter showed seasonal variations in total T4 and free T4 as well as total T3, free T3, and reverse T3, with the highest values in the fall; in thyroxin-binding globulin the highest values were in the winter; and in TSH the highest values were in the summer [16].

Gene context of Goiter, Endemic

• Thyroid antibodies, both thyroglobulin (TgAb) and peroxidase (TpAb) or microsomal, were not detected in serum from patients with endemic goiter, but became positive in 43% of subjects three and six months after therapy with iodized oil, and there developed transient hyperthyroidism [17].
• Thyroid peroxidase in endemic goiter tissue [18].
• In endemic goiter patients living in a chronic iodide deficiency area (less than 50ug/day) TSH basal levels and the TSH response to TRH is significantly higher (31 +/- 8uU/ml) than in normal controls (10 +/- 4uU/ml) [19].
• Parathormone and calcitonin secretion in endemic goiter [20].
• The moderate hypoparathyroidism noted is an indication of the possible association of "parathyroid dystrophy" with endemic goiter [20].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Goiter, Endemic

• Minimally invasive open parathyroidectomy by lateral approach (oMIP) in sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism seems feasible in an endemic goiter region [21].

References