Disease relevance of thiocyanic acid

• LB+ at high concentration is viricidal to HIV-1, and, at levels where LB+ is ineffective alone, the addition of peroxidase (myeloperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase) and a halide (chloride, iodide, bromide, thiocyanate) restore viricidal activity [1].
• Adenoma induction by morpholine plus NaNO2 was strongly inhibited by gallic acid, moderately inhibited by caffeine, and unaffected by thiocyanate (all added to the food) [2].
• Children from a neighbouring cassava-eating area, where no cases of spastic paraparesis had occurred, had lower thiocyanate excretion but higher inorganic sulphate excretion [3].
• Studies using the acid secretion inhibitors, thiocyanate and anoxia, demonstrated that neither acid production per se nor oxidative metabolism is essential for the theophylline-dependent changes in surface area [4].
• Removal of thiocyanate ions by dialysis or glass permeation chromatography prevented the reduction in scrapie agent infectivity [5].

Psychiatry related information on thiocyanic acid

• Sleep and wakefulness are governed by both the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus (SCN), and a sleep homeostatic process; however, the interaction of these control systems is not well understood [6].
• Our analysis of SCN gene expression under such conditions suggests that these two motor activity rhythms reflect the separate activities of two oscillators in the anatomically defined ventrolateral and dorsomedial SCN subdivisions [7].
• The hypersomnia of SCN-ablated squirrel monkeys is unique in magnitude, but is not incompatible with a role for the SCN pacemaker in actively promoting sleep [8].
• Smoking cessation program: baseline carbon monoxide and serum thiocyanate levels as predictors of outcome [9].
• Sleep deprivation (S.D.) suppressed Fos-IR in the dorsomedial subdivision of SCN but failed to alter Fos in the VLPO [10].

High impact information on thiocyanic acid

• Why the rat-1 fibroblast should replace the SCN as the in vitro model of choice [11].
• Schwartz et al (1987) have presented evidence that the circadian pacemaker in the SCN continues to run, but cannot be entrained by light, when tetrodotoxin is used to block sodium-dependent action potentials [12].
• Here we show that temporal feeding restriction under light-dark or dark-dark conditions can change the phase of circadian gene expression in peripheral cell types by up to 12 h while leaving the phase of cyclic gene expression in the SCN unaffected [13].
• Response to Honma and Honma: do circadian rhythms in cytosolic Ca2+ modulate autonomous gene transcription cycles in the SCN [14]?
• The suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus (SCN) are well established as the principal circadian oscillator of mammals [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of thiocyanic acid

• A thiocyanate hydrolase that catalyzes the first step in thiocyanate degradation was purified to homogeneity from Thiobacillus thioparus, an obligate chemolithotrophic eubacterium metabolizing thiocyanate to sulfate as an energy source [16].
• A thiocyanate hydrolase of Thiobacillus thioparus. A novel enzyme catalyzing the formation of carbonyl sulfide from thiocyanate [16].
• It showed a graded, inverse association with mean arterial blood pressure, smoking and serum thiocyanate, coronary heart disease risk estimate (combining blood pressure, total cholesterol and smoking), and a nonlinear favorable association with serum lipoproteins [17].
• Moreover, the three-dimensional structures of the diligated thiocyanate and imidazole derivatives of recombinant ferric Vitreoscilla Hb have been determined by X-ray crystallography at 1.8 A (Rfactor=19.9%) and 2.1 A (Rfactor=23.8%) resolution, respectively [18].
• On the basis of the conversion mechanism, we suggest that, in the cyanide/thiocyanate cycle, only cyanide is directly responsible for any acute toxicity attributed to sodium nitroprusside [19].

Biological context of thiocyanic acid

• Our results suggest that the higher level of salivary thiocyanate in smokers is responsible for the increased rate of endogenous nitrosation of proline in this group compared to the rate in nonsmokers [20].
• The diet contained substantial amounts of thiocyanate anions (median 6 mg/L in urine and in 27%, more than 10 mg/L) likely to further depress iodine bioavailability [21].
• The membrane potential (Em) of normal and Plasmodium chabaudi-infected rat erythrocytes was determined from the transmembrane distributions of the lipophilic anion, thiocyanate (SCN), and cation, triphenylmethylphosphonium (TPMP) [22].
• To determine whether the treatment with Cetrorelix can affect the concentration of measurable LH-RH binding sites, we applied an in vitro method to desaturate LH-RH receptors by chaotropic agents such as manganous chloride (MnCl2) and ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) [23].
• Similarly, thiocyanate and perchlorate were the only chaotropic ions tested that increased the initial slope and amplitude of the extracellularly recorded potentials evoked in CA1 dendritic field [24].

Anatomical context of thiocyanic acid

• 2,4-Dichlorobenzyl thiocyanate, an antimitotic agent that alters microtubule morphology [25].
• Induction of the acrosome reaction led to efflux of Ph4P+ and uptake of SCN- for an approximate depolarization of about 30 mV, primarily due to the collapse of the plasma membrane potential [26].
• Such rhythms are generated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN), but are synchronised to the environmental light-dark cycle by photic cues perceived by the retina and conveyed to the SCN via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) [27].
• The transmembrane distributions of radiolabeled triphenylmethylphosphonium and thiocyanate were measured, and they provide upper and lower limits for the normal cell membrane potential at 37 degrees of -48 +/- 6 (S.D.) and -31 +/- 5 mV and for the tumor cells, -36 +/- 4 and -19 +/- 2 mV [28].
• Sections were atlas matched and divided into four rostrocaudal groups for analysis: vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca (DBB), rostral preoptic area/organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (rPOA/OVLT), medial preoptic area (mPOA), and suprachiasmatic/anterior hypothalamic area (SCN/AHA) [29].

Associations of thiocyanic acid with other chemical compounds

• Neutron diffraction experiments were carried out on aqueous solutions containing either guanidinium or thiocyanate ions [30].
• Cyanide, resulting from hydrolysis of 2-cyanoethylene oxide, appeared to be completely converted to thiocyanate, which was identified by gel exclusion chromatography and mass spectrometry of the methyl derivative [31].
• The present study examines the relative levels of vasopressin (AVP) mRNA within the paraventricular (PVN), supraoptic (SON), and suprachiasmatic (SCN) nuclei of the rat hypothalamus, and details the rates at which these levels change over the course of a 6 d salt-loading regimen [32].
• A structure-activity analysis showed that the phenethyl and benzyl isothiocyanates were most effective at triggering apoptosis in cells overexpressing Bcl-2 whereas phenyl isothiocyanate and benzyl thiocyanate had no proapoptotic activity [33].
• A partially purified preparation of guinea pig eosinophil peroxidase was found to be bactericidal when combined with H2O2 and either iodide, bromide, chloride, or thiocyanate ions [34].

Gene context of thiocyanic acid

• Differential functions of mPer1, mPer2, and mPer3 in the SCN circadian clock [35].
• Both Per1 and Per2 RNAs in the SCN are increased by light exposure during subjective night but not during subjective day [36].
• Pre-incubation of SCN- with MPO generates a more complex biological setting, because SCN- serves as either a substrate or inhibitor, causing diverse impacts on the MPO heme iron microenvironment [37].
• This study for the first time presents transient kinetic measurements of the formation of compound I of human eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) and its reaction with halides and thiocyanate, using the sequential-mixing stopped-flow technique [38].
• Corneal and conjunctival epithelia were lysed in RIPA buffer for Western blot with MAPK antibodies, or they were lysed in 4 M guanidium thiocyanate solution for extraction of total RNA, which was used to determine gene expression by semiquantitative RT-PCR, real-time PCR, and gene array [39].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of thiocyanic acid

• We used ELISA with potassium thiocyanate to compare the average avidity of antibody produced by infants with that of children older than 10 years after systemic disease [40].
• The quantitation of vasopressin mRNA was achieved by using three different procedures: (1) cell-free translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysate or (2) Northern analysis of poly(A)RNAs isolated from micro-punch dissected SON, PVN, and SCN, and (3) in situ hybridization histochemistry [32].
• Choroidal perfusion with each of 4 anion transport and Cl- channel blockers (DIDS, 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene, phenylanthranylic acid, and thiocyanate) suppressed the light peak [41].
• PRR titrations enabled the measurement of binding of creatine to the ternary CH3S-enzyme-MnADP complex and show that specific anions such as nitrate, formate, and thiocyanate decrease the apparent dissociation constant for creatine in its complex with the CH3S-blocked enzyme and MnADP, as is observed with native creatine kinase [42].
• Using microdialysis probes we measured nitrite, ascorbic acid, total vitamin C, and thiocyanate concentrations and pH simultaneously in the proximal oesophagus, Barrett's segment, hiatal sac, proximal stomach, and distal stomach [43].

References