Disease relevance of Anisakis

• CONCLUSIONS: Determination of specific IgE directed to Anisakis simplex major allergen Ani s 1 is a useful tool for the diagnosis of hypersensitivity and intestinal anisakiasis [1].
• Anisakis simplex allergy: a murine model of anaphylaxis induced by parasitic proteins displays a mixed Th1/Th2 pattern [2].

High impact information on Anisakis

• Alignment of these two genes revealed that the intron-exon junctions are conserved between nematode and rat suggesting that this Anisakis serine protease is structurally and functionally similar to rat trypsin [3].
• Serine protease gene fragments were isolated from genomic DNA of the parasitic nematode Anisakis simplex by using degenerate oligonucleotide primers and the polymerase chain reaction [3].
• Food-allergic-type reactions induced by oral challenge with Anisakis extract were absent in IL-4 receptor alpha knockout mice [4].
• We have previously purified and cloned an apoptosis-inducing protein (AIP) derived from fish infected with the anisakis simplex [5].
• Isolation and characterization of a major allergen from the fish parasite Anisakis simplex [6].

Biological context of Anisakis

• In this study, we have investigated the effects of Anisakis simplex, an enhancer of Th2-dominant responses, on NO production [7].
• Genetic variation at 21 gene-enzyme systems was studied in a sample of an adult population of Anisakis typica (Diesing, 1860) recovered in the dolphin Sotalia fluviatilis from the Atlantic coast of Brazil [8].

Associations of Anisakis with chemical compounds

• Electrophoretic studies on the Anisakis simplex complex (Ascaridida:Anisakidae) from the Mediterranean and North-East Atlantic [9].
• A marinating procedure is proposed that ensures the rapid death of Anisakis through the use of strong acetic acid concentrations [10].
• N-Acetyltransferase activities with p-aminobenzoic acid and 2-aminofluorene were determined in Anisakis simplex, a nematode found in the intestine of the salt water fish Trichiurus lepturus [11].
• Evidence for arylamine N-acetyltransferase in the nematode Anisakis simplex [11].
• Anisakis, Phocanema, Contracaecum, and Sulcascaris spp.: electrophoresis and thermostability of alcohol and malate dehydrogenases from larvae [12].

Gene context of Anisakis

• Sensitized wild-type, IL-4, or IL-4 receptor alpha-deficient mice were challenged orally with Anisakis extract [4].
• Capture ELISA techniques were used to compare the reactivities with native or O-deglycosylated antigens of sera from Anisakis-free children (most of them infected by several other parasites) and from Anisakis allergy patients [13].
• Presence of IL-4-like molecules in larval excretory-secretory products and crude extracts from Anisakis simplex [14].
• Genetic relationships among Anisakis species (Nematoda: Anisakidae) inferred from mitochondrial cox2 sequences, and comparison with allozyme data [15].
• A recombinant enolase from Anisakis simplex is differentially recognized in natural human and mouse experimental infections [16].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Anisakis

• Molecular cloning of paramyosin, a new allergen of Anisakis simplex [17].
• The genetic relationships among 9 taxa of Anisakis Dujardin, 1845 (A. simplex (sensu stricto), A. pegreffii, A. simplex C., A. typica, A. ziphidarum, A. physeteris, A. brevispiculata, A. paggiae, and Anisakis sp.) were inferred from sequence analysis (629 bp) of the mitochondrial cox2 gene [15].
• Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot antibody determination in sera from patients diagnosed with different helminthic infections with Anisakis simplex antigen purified by affinity chromatography [18].
• An evaluation of the sensitivity and the specificity of the Anisakis simplex antigens purified by affinity chromatography was performed using sera from patients diagnosed with Anisakis sensitisation and sera from patients previously diagnosed with different helminthic infections [18].
• RAPD technique was used to differentiate individuals of Anisakis simplex obtained from Merluccius merluccius, Phycis blennoides, Conger conger and Lepidorhombus boscii, from the North Atlantic Ocean [19].

References