Disease relevance of Dolphins

• There is a strong relationship between proteinuria and CVD, which has led to a general theory of vascular complications in IDDM based on defective heparan sulfate metabolism (Steno hypothesis) [1].
• To elucidate beta-cell function, insulin requirement, and remission period in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), a study was undertaken comprising 268 patients consecutively admitted to Steno Memorial Hospital with newly diagnosed IDDM [2].
• Comparison of diagnostic techniques for Helicobacter cetorum infection in wild Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) [3].
• Autopsied bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, which were collected from the large-scale mortality along the Atlantic coast in 1987 to 1988, exhibited opportunistic infections indicative of immune dysfunction [4].
• Toxicity, bioaccumulation, and interactive effects of organotin, cadmium, and chromium on Artemia franciscana [5].

Psychiatry related information on Dolphins

• 1. Sound localization was measured behaviourally for the Atlantic bottlenose porpoise (Tursiops truncatus) using a wide range of pure tone pulses as well as clicks simulating the species echolocation click [6].

High impact information on Dolphins

• We report the isolation and characterization of an engrailed gene in the crustacean Artemia franciscana [7].
• The association between the complement-activating protein MBL and the development of persistent microalbuminuria was evaluated in an inception cohort of 286 newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic patients consecutively admitted to the Steno Diabetes Center between 1 September 1979 and 31 August 1984 [8].
• From 1985, all patients (n = 169) who had established diabetic nephropathy and were treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (ACE-I) were identified consecutively at Steno Diabetes Center. Patients were followed for a median of 6 yr (range, 3 to 15 yr), with nine (range, three to 29) measurements of GFR ((51)Cr-EDTA) [9].
• Nucleotide sequence of the protamine P1 gene from the whale Orcinus orca predicts a unique N-terminal amino-acid motif [10].
• Polymorphism and structure of the gene coding for the alpha 1 subunit of the Artemia franciscana Na/K-ATPase [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Dolphins

• Hepatosplenic large cell immunoblastic lymphoma in a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) with high levels of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners [12].
• Analysis of 24 h LC(50) values of these pyrethroids, determined by static bioassays, revealed that the rank order of toxicity was: permethrin<resmethrin=cypermethrin for A. franciscana, B. calyciflorus, and T. platyurus, whereas with B. plicatilis larvae the order of toxicities was: resmethrin<permethrin<cypermethrin [13].
• We determined the chronic toxicity of arsenic (sodium arsenate) to the Great Salt Lake brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana [14].
• Eight adult bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus (six male, two female) were employed in a single-dose study of orally administered enrofloxacin dosed at 5 mg/kg body weight [15].

Biological context of Dolphins

• The complete amino acid sequence of the major component myoglobin from the Atlantic bottlenosed dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, was determined by specific cleavage of the protein to obtain large peptides that are readily degraded by the automatic sequencer [16].
• Progesterone and estrogens in the pregnant and nonpregnant dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, and the effects of induced ovulation [17].
• However, there is a significant increase in CArG-binding activity at the later developmental stage, indicating a postranscriptional regulation of SRF during A. franciscana embryonic development [18].
• Low worldwide genetic diversity in the killer whale (Orcinus orca): implications for demographic history [19].
• Killer whale (Orcinus orca) hearing: auditory brainstem response and behavioral audiograms [20].

Anatomical context of Dolphins

• Helicobacter cetorum sp. nov. has been cultured from the stomach of Atlantic white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus acutus) and the feces of Pacific white-sided (L. obliquidens) and Atlantic bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) dolphins and a beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) [3].
• The stomachs of seven stranded Atlantic white-sided dolphins, Lagenorhynchus acutus, and 1 common dolphin, Delphinus delphis, were assessed for the presence of Helicobacter species [21].
• Natural antibodies to human lymphocytes and erythrocytes in the serum of Orcinus orca killer whale [22].
• CONCLUSIONS: Since NDST 1 and 2 are not differentially expressed in patients with or without nephropathy and, in MC, the mRNA expression hereof is not influenced by glucose as in skin fibroblasts, our data do not support the Steno hypothesis [23].
• The 3D-reconstruction of the auditory cortex was processed using the AMIRA 3.0 Graphics software package comparing the main primary gyri in the histological sections with those in coronal magnetic resonance imaging scans of another intact Pontoporia brain [24].

Associations of Dolphins with chemical compounds

• To monitor the efficiency of incorporation of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in Artemia franciscana, a sensitive and specific analytical method was developed [25].
• Preliminary quantitative data indicated excellent uptake and persistence of both therapeutic agents in A. franciscana, with levels of 115 micrograms/g for trimethoprim and 277 micrograms/g for sulfamethoxazole [25].
• Aerobic heat shock activates trehalose synthesis in embryos of Artemia franciscana [26].
• Potential role in development of the major cysteine protease in larvae of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana [27].
• The chemical nature of the enzyme-nucleotide phosphoramidate reaction intermediate employed by the unique GTP:GTP guanylyltransferase from yolk platelets of Artemia franciscana cysts to synthesize diguanosine tetraphosphate (Gp4G) has been investigated [28].

Gene context of Dolphins

• We report the cloning and expression analysis of hh genes from Euscorpius flavicaudis, a chelicerate, and Artemia franciscana, a branchiopod crustacean [29].
• Genomic clones coding for actin have been isolated from two species of the crustacean Artemia, A. parthenogenetica and A. franciscana [30].
• Genomic clones coding for one of the two identified Artemia franciscana Na/K-ATPase alpha subunits, the alpha 1 subunit, have been isolated [11].
• Reassignment of residue 122 in the myoglobin from the killer whale, Orcinus orca [31].
• The mRNA coding for A. franciscana SRF is present at similar levels in cryptobiotic encysted embryos and in developing nauplii [18].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Dolphins

• Southern blot analysis of DNA purified from different lots of A. franciscana cysts and from isolated individuals suggests that the variation is due to the existence of multiple Na/K-ATPase alpha 1 subunit alleles in A. franciscana [11].
• Reproductive physiology and development of artificial insemination technology in killer whales (Orcinus orca) [32].
• Molecular cloning and functional characterization of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) tumor necrosis factor alpha [33].
• A false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens) was trained at Sea Life Park in Oahu, Hawaii for an underwater hearing test using a go/no-go response paradigm [34].
• Lungs and lymph nodes of 79 Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) that died from 6 August 1987 to 16 April 1988 along the Atlantic coasts of New Jersey, Virginia, and Florida (USA) were examined histologically and were tested for the presence of morbillivirus antigen by an immunoperoxidase technique [35].

References