Disease relevance of International Agencies

• The increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of hepatitis B viruses is the only established evidence of a direct association between OC use and cancer risk, which led an International Agency for Research on Cancer Working Group to classify OCs as carcinogenic to humans in 1998 [1].
• In this paper, the metabolism and genetic toxicity of 1,3-butadiene (BD) and its oxidative metabolites in humans and rodents is reviewed with attention to newer data that have been published since the latest evaluation of BD by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) [2].
• Using the April 2000 update of the p53 mutation database of the International Agency for Research on Cancer together with the primary literature, we confirm that the frequency of p53 G-->T transversions in lung cancer of smokers is about three times higher than their frequency in lung cancer of nonsmokers and in most other smoke-unrelated cancers [3].
• There is now compelling evidences to suggest that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a category I human tumor virus defined by UICC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) in 1997, is a causal agent of NPC and is most likely to be involved in the multi-step and multi-factorial development of NPC [4].

High impact information on International Agencies

• BACKGROUND: In 1997, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as a group 1 human carcinogen, based largely on four highly exposed industrial cohorts that showed an excess of all cancers combined [5].
• Results of our analysis of p53 mutations compiled from the International Agency for Research on Cancer p53 database (April 1999 update) and from the literature point to a different causative link [6].
• To study them, an international consortium has been organized at the International Agency for Research on Cancer over the past 2 yr to collect biological samples from NMTC families [7].
• These findings are consistent with the International Agency for Research on Cancer's classification of MOCA as a probable human carcinogen [8].
• Ethylene oxide, an alkylating agent that also forms an N7-alkylguanine adduct, was recently classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a human carcinogen [9].

Biological context of International Agencies

• The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Genetic Toxicology Program, the International Agency for Research on Cancer Monographs, and the Toxicology Data Bank are the best sources currently available to obtain peer-reviewed results for compounds tested for genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and other toxicological end points [10].
• We studied the association of exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs) with missense mutations in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 using the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) mutation database [11].

Anatomical context of International Agencies

• The lack of tamoxifen adducts in human endometrium indicates that if tamoxifen is a human endometrial carcinogen (International Agency for Research on Cancer, unpublished observations), its mechanism of carcinogenicity is different from that for rat liver, in which DNA-adduct formation has been readily demonstrated [12].
• The efficiency of short-term tests in identifying germ cell mutagens has been examined using a combined data set derived from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/International Agency for Research on Cancer Genetic Activity Profile (EPA/IARC GAP) and EPA Gene-Tox databases [13].

Associations of International Agencies with chemical compounds

• Moreover, in 1993 the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified cadmium and compounds containing cadmium as human carcinogens [14].
• The International Agency for Research on Cancer has given the designations of "sufficient evidence" of carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene in experimental animals and "limited evidence" of carcinogenicity in humans [15].
• The o-aminoazotoluene (AAT) has been evaluated as a possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. In rodents, it is carcinogenic mainly in the liver, and also in lung following long term administration [16].
• The International Agency for Research on Cancer determined that bromate is a potential human carcinogen, even at low micro/l levels in drinking water [17].
• IARC evaluates wood dust and formaldehyde. International Agency for Research on Cancer [18].

Gene context of International Agencies

• These data along with previous results satisfy the criteria of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and demonstrate that peroxisomal proliferation was indeed the mode of action for DINP-induced liver tumor induction in mice [19].
• By comparing lists of known and suspected carcinogens published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer to the industries and uses listed by the Hazardous Substances Data Base of the National Library of Medicine, a new target list of industries of significance to female workers was derived [20].
• Citrinin, a nephrotoxic mycotoxin, has been of growing importance also for the "International Agency for Research on Cancer", ever since its presumable role in the occurrence of Balcan endemic nephropathy (BEN) was discussed at the congress on "Mycotoxins, Endemic Nepthropathy and Urinary Tract Tumours" held in Lyon in June 1991 (12) [21].
• Comment on: Non-ionizing radiation, Part 1: Static and extremely low-frequency electric and magnetic fields, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monograph (Vol. 80), 2002 [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of International Agencies

• Alkalization of samples before nitrosamine analysis is a widely practised method to prevent artefact formation and has been emphatically recommended by an international working group, convened by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (Lyon) [23].

References