Disease relevance of bromate

• Bromate intoxication: hairdressers' anuria [1].
• Bromate intoxication with polyneuropathy [2].
• When wild-type Escherichia coli cells were plated on media containing a fermentable sugar and an equimolar mixture of bromide and bromate, most of the cells were killed but a variety of mutants unable to produce acid from the sugar survived [3].
• Severe acute renal failure due to bromate intoxication: report of a case and discussion of management guidelines based on a review of the literature [4].
• Our clinical findings together with the animal study imply that clinicians should be alert to the risk of bromate exposure in hairdressers, especially those with vertigo, tinnitus, or hearing loss [5].

Psychiatry related information on bromate

• Physiologically, bromate reduces the endocochlear potential, cochlear microphonics, and electrophysiologic auditory thresholds [6].

High impact information on bromate

• In contrast, hOR-expressing cells are similarly sensitive as the parental cells when oxidative DNA damage and micronuclei are induced by a mechanism independent of hOR, i.e., exposure to bromate [7].
• At the first stage the prepared membranes collected both bromate and bromide ions, so different bromide masking agents were put in the analyzed solutions to avoid bromide collection [8].
• Cells expressing the fusion protein EGFP-FPG repaired 8-oxoG and AP sites at accelerated rates, in particular via the single-nucleotide insertion base excision repair (BER) pathway and were resistant to mutagenicity of the oxidizing carcinogen potassium bromate [9].
• Seven inorganic anions (bromide, nitrate, iodide, iodate, bromate, thiocyanate, chromate) could be separated over a period of 90 s, and the elution order indicated that both ion exchange and electrophoresis contributed to the separation mechanism [10].
• This, along with a favorable electric conductivity of the carrier electrolyte solution, contributed to a 20 nmol/L (2.5 ppb) limit of detection for bromate in the CZE stage [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of bromate

• Mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells were treated with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) as a standard solvent or reference agents known to induce oxidative damage (gamma irradiation and potassium bromate) or alkylation (methyl methanesulfonate, MMS; ethylnitrosurea, ENU) [12].
• Comparative efficacy of oligonol, catechin and (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate in modulating the potassium bromate-induced renal toxicity in rats [13].
• Overdoses of hydrogen peroxide and hexose oxidase (HOX, E.C. 1.1.3.5) resulted in a strongly increased dityrosine content, whereas no increase of the dityrosine concentration was found after the addition of ascorbic acid and potassium bromate [14].
• Although it has been shown that bromate poisoning could cause severe and irreversible sensorineural hearing loss as well as renal failure, the action mechanism of bromate-induced otoneurotoxicity especially its combination with thioglycolate remains to be studied [15].

Biological context of bromate

• Bromate is a disinfection byproduct in drinking water which is formed during the ozonation of source water containing bromide [16].
• A possible role for oxidative stress in potassium bromate (KBrO3) carcinogenesis [17].
• This drinking water supply is typical in The Netherlands. We compared the reduction of the risk of infection with Cryptosporidium parvum by ozonation of water to the concomitant increase in risk of renal cell cancer arising from the production of bromate [18].
• In July 1997, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) began sampling and analyzing drinking water matrices from US municipalities serving populations greater than 100,000 for low-level bromate (> 0.20 microgram/l) in support of the Information Collection Rule (ICR) using the selective anion concentration (SAC) method [19].
• A possible role for cell proliferation in potassium bromate (KBrO3) carcinogenesis [20].

Anatomical context of bromate

• The oxidative DNA damage induced by the renal carcinogen potassium bromate (KBrO3) in cultured mammalian cells and in a cell-free system was characterized by means of various repair endonucleases [21].
• Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is a prooxidant and carcinogen, inducing thyroid tumors [22].
• In contrast, pH had a strong effect on bromate formation without affecting the inactivation efficiency of C. parvum oocysts for a given level of exposure to ozone [23].
• Effects of antioxidants on induction of micronuclei in rat peripheral blood reticulocytes by potassium bromate [24].
• Acute cytogenetic effects of potassium bromate on rat bone marrow cells in vivo [25].

Associations of bromate with other chemical compounds

• Oral administration of the renal carcinogen, potassium bromate, specifically produces 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in rat target organ DNA [26].
• Active oxygen species derived from the interaction of potassium bromate (KBrO3), a rat renal carcinogen, with cells from rat kidney and other organs were examined by electron spin resonance spectrometry using the spin trapping agents 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMP) [27].
• The rate of BrO3- reduction by a commercial TiO2 photocatalyst under UV illumination in an aqueous solution was increased by lowering the pH from 7 to 5 [28].
• Germanium dioxide as internal standard for simplified trace determination of bromate, bromide, iodate and iodide by on-line coupling ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry [29].
• Comparative evaluation of the genotoxic properties of potassium bromate and potassium superoxide in V79 Chinese hamster cells [30].

Gene context of bromate

• Bromate induces loss of heterozygosity in the thymidine kinase gene of L5178Y/Tk(+/-)-3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells [31].
• Potassium bromate (KBrO(3)) induces DNA damage and tumors in mice and rats, but is a relatively weak mutagen in microbial assays and the in vitro mammalian Hprt assay [31].
• In potassium bromate (KBrO3)-treated mice (1.2 mmol/kg), elevation of methaemoglobin (MetHb) concentration in blood was observed simultaneously with an elevation of the NO concentration and attenuation of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity [32].
• In order to assess the effect of potassium bromate (KBrO3) on the induction of tumor formation, a 1-year carcinogenesis study was performed using Ogg1 knockout mice (Ogg1(-/-)) and wild-type mice (Ogg1(+/+)) [33].
• Mutations in the VHL gene from potassium bromate-induced rat clear cell renal tumors [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of bromate

• Dose-response studies on the carcinogenicity of potassium bromate in F344 rats after long-term oral administration [35].
• The use of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) on-line coupled with isotachophoresis (ITP) sample pretreatment (ITP-CZE) on a poly(methylmethacrylate) chip, provided with two separation channels in the column-coupling (CC) arrangement and on-column conductivity detection sensors, to the determination of bromate in drinking water was investigated [11].
• Early diagnosis of bromate intoxication requires an appreciation that it commonly occurs in hairdressers, may be accompanied by deafness, and may present with insidious anuria [1].
• A post-column reagent (PCR) method for bromate analysis in drinking water with a method detection limit (MDL) and method reporting limit (MRL) of 0.1 and 0.5 microg/l, respectively, has been developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for future publication as EPA Method 317 [36].
• Using a modified comet assay protocol with FPG protein, a DNA repair enzyme which specifically nicks DNA at sites of 8-oxoguanines and formamidopyrimidines, we detected oxidative DNA base damage only after potassium bromate treatment [30].

References