Disease relevance of BUTADIENE

• In contrast, streptozotocin-induced diabetes had no effect on the nonimmunologic foreign body granuloma around divinyl benzene copolymer beads injected into the pulmonary arterioles [1].
• Furthermore, identification of the DVR gene helped understanding the evolution of Prochlorococcus marinus, a marine cyanobacterium that is dominant in the open ocean and is uncommon in using divinyl chlorophylls [2].
• A recombinant protein encoded by AT5G18660 was expressed in Escherichia coli and found to catalyze the conversion of divinyl chlorophyllide to monovinyl chlorophyllide, thereby demonstrating that the gene encodes a functional DVR [2].
• A DVR homolog was not found in the genome of P. marinus but found in the Synechococcus sp WH8102 genome, which is consistent with the distribution of divinyl chlorophyll in marine cyanobacteria of the genera Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus [2].
• The divinyl ethers also accumulated during the incompatible interaction of tobacco with tobacco mosaic virus [3].

High impact information on BUTADIENE

• Multiple organ carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene in B6C3F1 mice after 60 weeks of inhalation exposure [4].
• RESULTS: 1,3-Butadiene, benzene, acrolein, formaldehyde, and other related compounds were qualitatively and quantitatively detected, with emissions tending to be highest for unrefined Chinese rapeseed oil and lowest for peanut oil [5].
• Occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene [6].
• In this study, we isolated an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant that accumulated divinyl chlorophyll instead of monovinyl chlorophyll by ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis [2].
• These ecotypes are characterized by their different (divinyl-) chlorophyll (Chl) a to Chl b ratios and 16S rRNA gene signatures, as well as by their significantly distinct irradiance optima for growth and photosynthesis [Moore, L. R., Rocap, G. & Chisholm, S. W. (1998) Nature (London) 393, 464-467] [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of BUTADIENE

• Mutations of p53 and ras genes were analyzed in 40 and 31 1,3-butadiene (BD)-induced lymphomas of B6C3F1 mice (BLFs), respectively, and in 63 2',3'-dideoxycytidine-induced lymphomas, which were collected from B6C3F1 (n = 16) or NIH Swiss mice (DLSs; n = 47) [8].
• Characterization of a Plant-like Protochlorophyllide a Divinyl Reductase in Green Sulfur Bacteria [9].
• Rat and mouse liver, lung, and kidney microsomes metabolized 1,3-butadiene to butadiene monoxide (BM), whereas microsomes from testis, one of the target organs of 1,3-butadiene toxicity in both species, were ineffective [10].
• 3-Butene-1,2-diol (BDD) is a major metabolite of 1,3-butadiene (BD), but the role of BDD in BD toxicity and carcinogenicity remains unclear [11].
• 3-Butene-1,2-diol (BDD), an allylic alcohol and major metabolite of 1,3-butadiene, has previously been shown to cause hepatotoxicity and hypoglycemia in male Sprague-Dawley rats, but the mechanisms of toxicity were unclear [12].

Biological context of BUTADIENE

• Because of the correspondence between these animal data and recent epidemiology findings, there is a worldwide public health need to reevaluate current workplace exposure standards for 1,3-butadiene [13].
• In this study, exons 3-5 and exon 7 of the Znfn1a1 gene that encode the functional domains of Ikaros were analyzed for point mutations and deletions in murine lymphomas induced by 1,3-butadiene, 2',3'-dideoxycytidine, or phenolphthalein [14].
• Eleven 1,3-butadiene-induced lymphomas were examined for transforming genes using the nude mouse tumorigenicity assay [15].
• Chloroplast biogenesis. Detection of divinyl protochlorophyllide in higher plants [16].
• However, we also observed that directed insertion and deletion mutations in bchJ, a gene located in the photosynthesis gene cluster, affected the ratio of monovinyl and divinyl protochlorophyllide [17].

Anatomical context of BUTADIENE

• Chronic exposure of mice to 1,3-butadiene produces a macrocytic-megaloblastic anemia, thymic hypoplasia, and an increased incidence of T-cell lymphoma/leukemia [18].
• Chemical suppression of a subpopulation of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells: 1,3-butadiene produces a hematopoietic defect similar to steel or white spotted mutations in mice [18].
• In addition, 1,3-butadiene is genotoxic in both somatic and germ cells of rodents [19].
• Chromosome aberrations in mouse bone marrow cells following in vivo exposure to 1,3-butadiene [20].
• Induction of chromosome-specific aneuploidy and micronuclei in human lymphocytes by metabolites of 1,3-butadiene [21].

Associations of BUTADIENE with other chemical compounds

• The influence of glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) genotype on the genotoxicity of 1,2-epoxy-3-butene (MEB), a metabolite of 1,3-butadiene, was assessed by the analysis of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in 72-h human whole-blood lymphocyte cultures [22].
• These data, along with previous findings from our laboratory, suggest that EB is more likely than DEB to be primarily responsible for the lacI mutational spectrum observed in lacI transgenic mice exposed to BD [23].
• A higher frequency of ras mutations, in particular K-ras mutations, was detected in isoprene-induced neoplasms than in 1,3-butadiene-induced or control HG neoplasms [24].
• Chloroprene is the 2-chloro analog of 1,3-butadiene, a potent carcinogen in laboratory animals [25].
• Irreversible inactivation of trypanothione reductase by unsaturated Mannich bases: a divinyl ketone as key intermediate [26].

Gene context of BUTADIENE

• Seven of these mutations were a G-->C transversion in Hras1 codon 13, consistent with a 1,3-butadiene-specific Kras2 mutation previously reported in several other tumor types [27].
• Different genetic pathways may be involved in the development of these chemically induced tumours since we have previously shown that mutations in p53 and ras genes are common in 1,3-butadiene- but not 2',3'-dideoxycytidine-induced lymphomas [28].
• In contrast, homozygous deletions spanning the p16INK4a and p15INK4b loci were observed in only two of 31 1,3-butadiene-induced tumours [28].
• Lack of increased genetic damage in 1,3-butadiene-exposed Chinese workers studied in relation to EPHX1 and GST genotypes [29].
• In addition, the expression of CYP2E1, a gene playing a key role in BD metabolism, was determined by real-time PCR in peripheral blood lymphocytes, and the capacity of lymphocytes to repair gamma-ray-induced SSBs and to convert 8-oxoguanine in HeLa cell DNA into SSBs was assessed using in vitro assays [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of BUTADIENE

• This assay should also be readily adaptable to molecular epidemiology studies on 1,3-butadiene-exposed workers [31].
• 32P-postlabelling/HPLC assay reveals an enantioselective adduct formation in N7 guanine residues in vivo after 1,3-butadiene inhalation exposure [32].
• Perfusion columns contained polystyrene/divinyl benzene resin (XAD-4 Amberlite [33].
• Future directions in epidemiologic studies of 1,3-butadiene-exposed workers [34].
• This paralleled the chronic bioassays which showed mice to be more susceptible than rats to 1,3-butadiene carcinogenicity [35].

References