Disease relevance of Toxicology

• Human pharmacology and toxicology of succinylated Acinetobacter glutaminase-asparaginase [1].
• This review describes preclinical toxicology findings associated with simvastatin administration in animals and provides the rationale for our conclusion that these changes are not indicative of potential human toxicity [2].
• CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of self-report and urine toxicology, overall maternal hard drug use and cocaine use in the WITS cohort were associated with maternal HIV culture positivity at delivery, and maternal hard drug use was associated with perinatal transmission [3].
• Histamine food poisoning: toxicology and clinical aspects [4].
• This paper describes a preclinical toxicology study designed to investigate the biological efficacy and safety profile of second-generation adenovirus for CFTR gene transfer into the baboon lung [5].

Psychiatry related information on Toxicology

• Primary outcomes were retention in treatment and urine toxicology for opioids; secondary outcomes were opioid withdrawal symptoms and toxicology for cocaine [6].
• The overall incidence of positive urine toxicology was no different in black and white pregnant women, but the more frequent finding of cocaine metabolites in black women may lead to biased over-reporting of substance abuse in this population [7].
• CYP testing has applications in toxicology and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) profiling as a guide to drug development.AmpliChip CYP450 may be used in conjunction with pharmacotherapy to guide decision making about selection of drugs and dosage [8].
• A 52-year-old woman with a history of depression and personality disorders, hypertension, coronary disease and asthma was admitted to the Department of Clinical Toxicology after taking 60 tablets of Staveran (immediate release verapamil), and 4 tablets of acetaminophen [9].

High impact information on Toxicology

• Our overview illustrates the importance of ABC transporters in human physiology, toxicology, pharmacology, and disease [10].
• Toxicology. Panel backs EPA dioxin assessment [11].
• Toxicology. Arsenic researchers face isotope shortage [12].
• Toxicology. Mercury report backs strict rules [13].
• Pharmacology of cyclosporine (sandimmune). VII. Pathophysiology and toxicology of cyclosporine in humans and animals [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Toxicology

• The toxicology of liposome-encapsulated amphotericin B in mice and its efficacy in the treatment and prophylaxis of systemic candidiasis in these animals were studied [15].
• Preclinical and toxicology studies of 1263W94, a potent and selective inhibitor of human cytomegalovirus replication [16].
• Consistent with our demonstration that the parent compound is highly specific for influenza virus neuraminidases, no significant drug-related toxicity was observed after the administration of oral dosages of GS 4104 of up to 800 mg/kg/day for 14 days in nonclinical toxicology studies with rats [17].
• This review was conducted to summarize the current knowledge about the underlying basic anti-inflammatory mechanisms of methotrexate as well as the pharmacology and toxicology of this drug with particular emphasis on inflammatory bowel disease [18].
• Animal toxicity (including acute- and multiple-dose toxicology and reproductive and mutagenicity studies) show that bromperidol is well tolerated [19].

Biological context of Toxicology

• Oxidative stress, toxicology, and pharmacology of CYP2E1 [20].
• Review of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) epidemiology and toxicology [21].
• Preclinical overview of nabumetone. Pharmacology, bioavailability, metabolism, and toxicology [22].
• Finally, knowledge of the function of PCNA in the cell cycle and its regulation by other factors may help us understand the advantages and limitations of PCNA as a cell proliferation marker in its application in toxicology and as a prognostic marker in human tumors [23].
• Besides a literature summary of the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and clinical use, this review provides a deeper discussion on the current understanding of mechanism of action and structure-activity relationships, and recent findings on drug delivery technologies as applied to the improvement of propofol formulations [24].

Anatomical context of Toxicology

• Long-term ciprofloxacin toxicology studies, additional data on arthorpathogenic effects, embryotoxicity studies in monkeys, and further results on central nervous system/interaction toxicology are presented [25].
• Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is a peroxisome proliferator that was hepatocarcinogenic in female rats in a National Toxicology Program 2-year bioassay [26].
• These experiments demonstrated the potential of urinary parvalbumin-alpha as a specific, noninvasive, and easily detectable biomarker for skeletal muscle toxicity in the rat and the potential of SELDI technology for biomarker detection and identification in toxicology studies [27].
• Cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics and toxicology of intraventricular and intrathecal arabinosyl-5-azacytosine (fazarabine, NSC 281272) in the nonhuman primate [28].
• This study investigated infant neurobehavioral functioning during the newborn period in 334 full-term, African American neonates (187 cocaine exposed, 147 non-cocaine exposed) enrolled prospectively at birth, with documentation of drug exposure status through maternal interview and urine and meconium toxicology assays [29].

Associations of Toxicology with chemical compounds

• Retinoic acid: biochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and therapeutic use [30].
• Solvent toxicology: recent advances in the toxicology of benzene, the glycol ethers, and carbon tetrachloride [31].
• The mechanistic toxicology of formaldehyde and its implications for quantitative risk estimation [32].
• These compounds also readily form adducts with glutathione or free thiols and can thereby affect the metabolism, activity, and toxicology of a wide array of pharmacological agents [33].
• Pharmacology and toxicology of lithium [34].

Gene context of Toxicology

• A role for P-glycoprotein in environmental toxicology [35].
• Tetrapod cytochrome P4501 family (CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1) enzymes are most active in hydroxylating a variety of environmental contaminants including polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), planar polychlorinated biphenyls and arylamines and thus play a pivotal role in the toxicology of these compounds [36].
• These findings suggest a role for polymorphic CYP2D6 in the pharmacology and toxicology of harmine and harmaline [37].
• In this review, we provide a concise state-of-the-art description of the role of COX in pharmacology and toxicology of skin including its involvement in normal physiology, cutaneous inflammation, nociception, wound healing, and tumorigenesis [38].
• We investigated AHRR structure, function, evolution, and regulation in zebrafish, a powerful model in developmental biology and toxicology [39].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Toxicology

• Hydroquinone, an intermediate used in the chemical industry and a metabolite of benzene, is a nephrocarcinogen in the 2-year National Toxicology Program bioassay in male Fischer 344 rats [40].
• These cells may also provide a constant and reproducible source of lens epithelial cells for eye-related toxicology studies and to assay inhibitory drugs for the prevention of cataracts and posterior capsular opacification observed after cataract extraction [41].
• Arsenite cocarcinogenesis: an animal model derived from genetic toxicology studies [42].
• Safety evaluation studies carried out in the animals established as suitable for studying the toxicology of ticarcillin have shown no unexpected synergistic or antagonistic toxic effects of Timentin not predicted from the toxicological evaluation of clavulanate alone [43].
• The microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA for digoxin (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Ill) requires no sample pretreatment and is widely used in clinical toxicology laboratories for monitoring serum digoxin concentrations [44].

References