Disease relevance of Salvia miltiorrhiza

• Drug-free serum pools were supplemented with Dan Shen or Lu-Shen-Wan to achieve apparent digoxin concentrations expected in severe overdoses [1].
• Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate derived from Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) attenuates hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II in cultured neonatal rat cardiac cells [2].
• Comparison of cardioprotective effects using ramipril and DanShen for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction in rats [3].
• Our study showed that FDP and Danshen could prevent the decline of renal cortical Na-K-ATPase activity induced by ischemia and gentamicin [4].
• Anti-hypertensive effect of water extract of danshen on renovascular hypertension through inhibition of the renin angiotensin system [5].

High impact information on Salvia miltiorrhiza

• Newly reported interactions included celecoxib, rofecoxib, and herbal substances, such as green tea and danshen [6].
• An extensive review of the literature identified reported herb-drug interactions with clinical significance, many of which are from case reports and limited clinical observations.Cases have been published reporting enhanced anticoagulation and bleeding when patients on long-term warfarin therapy also took Salvia miltiorrhiza (danshen) [7].
• Danshen did not reduce the levels in serum or antibacterial efficacy of kanamycin [8].
• Standardized Salviae miltiorrhizae extracts (Danshen) are used clinically in China and contain diterpene quinones and phenolic acids with antioxidant properties [8].
• Structure-activity relationship of miltirone, an active central benzodiazepine receptor ligand isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) [9].

Biological context of Salvia miltiorrhiza

• The digoxin-like immunoreactive components of Lu-Shen-Wan show approximately 55% protein binding, while Dan Shen demonstrates concentration-dependent protein binding (68% bound at lower concentrations but only 25% bound at higher concentrations) [1].
• Drug interactions with warfarin can be dangerous and although common drug interactions are now well recognized those with Chinese herbs are not widely appreciated. 'Danshen' is a herbal medicine often used for various complaints, particularly cardiovascular, in the Chinese community [10].
• These results indicate that danshen extract can stimulate the activity of cytochrome P450 isoforms, and changes in the pharmacokinetics of diazepam resulting from danshen extract are related to an increase in metabolic activity of cytochrome P450 [11].
• At steady-state levels of racemic warfarin (0.2 mg kg-1 day-1 for 5 days) the 3-day treatment of Danshen extract (5 g kg-1, twice daily) not only prolonged the prothrombin time but also increased the steady-state plasma concentrations of R- and S-warfarin [12].

Anatomical context of Salvia miltiorrhiza

• The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of magnesium tanshinoate B (MTB), a compound purified from Danshen, on the production of NO in human endothelial cell line (ECV304) [13].

Associations of Salvia miltiorrhiza with chemical compounds

• We observed complete removal of the free apparent digoxin in the presence of Digibind for Dan Shen and Lu-Shen-Wan [1].
• Because Dan Shen and Lu-Shen-Wan can cause substantial toxic effects in patients, we studied the potential use of Digibind (Fab fragment of polyclonal antidigoxin antibody; Burroughs Wellcome, Research Triangle Park, NC) for neutralizing the pharmacologically active free fractions of Dan Shen and Lu-Shen-Wan [1].
• These fragmentation rules were applied to the identification of tanshinones in a chloroform/methanol (3:7) extract of Dan-shen, which was separated on a C(18) column with gradient elution [14].
• Aliquots of drug-free serum were supplemented with 1 microL ethyl acetate extract of Danshen or aqueous extract of Chan Su, and apparent digoxin concentrations were measured by all four digoxin immunoassays (FPIA, EMIT, Randox, CLIA) [15].
• Single-dose and steady-state studies in rats indicated that danshen increased the absorption rate constants, AUCs, maximum concentrations, and elimination half-lives, but decreased the clearances and apparent volume of distribution of both R- and S-warfarin [16].

Gene context of Salvia miltiorrhiza

• Magnesium tanshinoate B (MTB) is an active compound purified from Danshen [17].
• We studied the possibility of removing Chan Su and Dan Shen from human sera using activated charcoal and equilibrium dialysis, and also examined the potential benefit of preventing absorption of these agents from the G.I. tract in the mouse model [18].
• Ten species used as Danshen resources showed good correlation between the AR inhibitory activity and the morphological classification [19].
• Compound Danshen Dripping Pill (CDDP) is an important drug widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases [20].
• The vasorelaxant effect of Danshen was found to be partly mediated by CGRP released from sensory nerves, and nitric oxide and prostaglandins also played a part [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Salvia miltiorrhiza

• Effect of Chinese medicines Chan Su and Danshen on EMIT 2000 and Randox digoxin immunoassays: wide variation in digoxin-like immunoreactivity and magnitude of interference in digoxin measurement by different brands of the same product [15].
• In vivo digoxin-like immunoreactivity in mice and interference of Chinese medicine Danshen in serum digoxin measurement: elimination of interference by using a chemiluminescent assay [22].
• METHOD: The disease is treated with the combined method of moxibustion and point-injection of the Compound Dan Shen Injectio and Ye Mu Gua Injectio RESULTS: 30 of the total 50 cases were cured, 18 cases were improved, and 2 cases were with no effect [23].
• Effects of FDP and Danshen on renal cortical Na-K-ATPase activity in rats after treatment with renal ischemia and gentamicin [4].
• Study of the determination and pharmacokinetics of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills in human serum by column switching liquid chromatography electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry [20].

References