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MeSH Review

Aconitum

 
 
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Disease relevance of Aconitum

  • In the 1860s, cardioactive drugs such as atropine, aconite, and digitalis were assumed to counteract anxiety because it could be associated with tachycardia and/or melancholia [1].
  • Although higenamine (100 micrograms/kg, i.p.), a beta 1-adrenergic agonist (a compound derived from aconite), had no effect per se, it inhibited aconitine (another compound derived from aconite extract)-induced bradycardia within 30 s of administration in ACh-low sensitive mice but not in ACh-high sensitive mice [2].
  • On the other hand, some anti-inflammative or anti-pyretic herbs such as Tripterygium wilfordii, Aconitum and Artemisiae species were proved to have immunosuppressive principles, some of them were now used clinically for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, chronic nephritis, systemic lupus erythematosis and various skin disorders [3].
 

High impact information on Aconitum

  • Inhibition of activation of nuclear factor kappaB is responsible for inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by higenamine, an active component of aconite root [4].
  • The effects of the Aconitum alkaloid 6-benzoylheteratisine on the aconitine-, veratridine-, oubain- and KCl-induced alterations in free synaptosomal Na + ([Na+]i) and Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and the release of endogenous glutamate from rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes were investigated [5].
  • Lappaconitine is a diterpene alkaloid of plants of the Aconitum genus and has analgesic properties [6].
  • The separation of these Aconitum alkaloids was achieved on an ODS column with gradient elution using solvents of acetonitrile and ammonium bicarbonate buffer (pH 10.0+/-0.2) [7].
  • However, single ion monitoring (SIM) had to be applied for the separation of aconitum alkaloids and their hydrolysis products [8].
 

Biological context of Aconitum

 

Anatomical context of Aconitum

 

Associations of Aconitum with chemical compounds

  • New flavonol glycosides from the flowers of Aconitum napellus ssp. tauricum [11].
  • The aconitines were screened in a diverse range of samples, including crude aconite, decoction of crude aconite, residues from decoction of crude aconite, prepared aconite, decoction of prepared aconite, decoction of prepared aconite with added palmitic acid, and decoction of a mixture of mesaconitine and hypaconitine standards with liquorice root [12].
  • Isolation and structural characterization of an immunostimulating polysaccharide from fuzi, Aconitum carmichaeli [13].
  • The roots of Aconitum falconeri have yielded two new norditerpenoid alkaloids, faleoconitine (1) and 3'-methoxyacoforestinine (2) along with the known compounds, karakoline, 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one, and 3,4-dimethoxymethylbenzoate, which have been isolated for the first time from this plant [14].
  • One new quinazoline (1) and two new norditerpenoid (2 and 3) alkaloids along with 10 known compounds were isolated from the roots of Aconitum pseudo-laeve var. erectum [15].
 

Gene context of Aconitum

  • It was found that diester-diterpenoid aconitines were converted into lipo-alkaloids as well as monoester alkaloids by the decoction of aconite [12].
  • Alkaloids of Aconitum laeve and their anti-inflammatory antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activities [16].
  • Isolation of a multidrug resistance inhibitor from Aconitum pseudo-laeve var. erectum [17].
  • A column-switching LC/MS/ESI method for detecting tetrodotoxin and Aconitum alkaloids in serum [18].
  • The chemistry and pharmacology of the active principles found in certain of the plants incorporated into the poisons are dealt with briefly (but this does not include Aconitum, which will be treated in some detail in Part II) [19].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Aconitum

References

  1. The road to tranquility: the search for selective anti-anxiety agents. Estes, J.W. Synapse (1995) [Pubmed]
  2. Two groups of diabetic KK-CAy mice specifically bred for high and low sensitivity to exogenous acetylcholine and beta 1-adrenergic stimulation: interaction of higenamine and aconitine on pulse rate. Kimura, I., Makino, M., Honda, R., Kimura, M. Biol. Pharm. Bull. (1995) [Pubmed]
  3. Immunomodulating Chinese herbal medicines. Li, X.Y. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz (1991) [Pubmed]
  4. Inhibition of activation of nuclear factor kappaB is responsible for inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by higenamine, an active component of aconite root. Kang, Y.J., Lee, Y.S., Lee, G.W., Lee, D.H., Ryu, J.C., Yun-Choi, H.S., Chang, K.C. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (1999) [Pubmed]
  5. The alkaloid 6-benzoylheteratisine inhibits voltage-gated Na+ channels in rat brain synaptosomes. Gutser, U.T., Gleitz, J. Neuropharmacology (1998) [Pubmed]
  6. Frequency-dependent inhibition of neuronal activity by lappaconitine in normal and epileptic hippocampal slices. Ameri, A., Metzmeier, P., Peters, T. Br. J. Pharmacol. (1996) [Pubmed]
  7. Simultaneous determination of six Aconitum alkaloids in proprietary Chinese medicines by high-performance liquid chromatography. Xie, Y., Jiang, Z.H., Zhou, H., Xu, H.X., Liu, L. Journal of chromatography. A. (2005) [Pubmed]
  8. Analysis of Chinese medicine preparations by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Feng, H.T., Yuan, L.L., Li, S.F. Journal of chromatography. A. (2003) [Pubmed]
  9. Expression of major histocompatibility complex in mouse peritoneal macrophages increasingly depends on plasma corticosterone levels: stimulation by aconitine. Kimura, I., Makino, M., Honda, R., Ma, J., Kimura, M. Biol. Pharm. Bull. (1995) [Pubmed]
  10. Aconitine, a main component of aconite, increases spontaneous acetylcholine release from the frontal cerebral cortex of freely moving rats. Kimura, I., Takada, M., Nojima, H., Kimura, M. Biol. Pharm. Bull. (1996) [Pubmed]
  11. New flavonol glycosides from the flowers of Aconitum napellus ssp. tauricum. Fico, G., Braca, A., Bilia, A.R., Tomè, F., Morelli, I. Planta Med. (2001) [Pubmed]
  12. Exploring the ester-exchange reactions of diester-diterpenoid alkaloids in the aconite decoction process by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Wang, Y., Shi, L., Song, F., Liu, Z., Liu, S. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. (2003) [Pubmed]
  13. Isolation and structural characterization of an immunostimulating polysaccharide from fuzi, Aconitum carmichaeli. Zhao, C., Li, M., Luo, Y., Wu, W. Carbohydr. Res. (2006) [Pubmed]
  14. New norditerpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum falconeri. Atta-Ur-Rahman, n.u.l.l., Fatima, N., Akhtar, F., Choudhary, M.I., Khalid, A. J. Nat. Prod. (2000) [Pubmed]
  15. Alkaloids from the roots of Aconitum pseudo-laeve var. erectum. Shim, S.H., Kim, J.S., Son, K.H., Bae, K.H., Kang, S.S. J. Nat. Prod. (2006) [Pubmed]
  16. Alkaloids of Aconitum laeve and their anti-inflammatory antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activities. Shaheen, F., Ahmad, M., Khan, M.T., Jalil, S., Ejaz, A., Sultankhodjaev, M.N., Arfan, M., Choudhary, M.I., Atta-ur-Rahman, n.u.l.l. Phytochemistry (2005) [Pubmed]
  17. Isolation of a multidrug resistance inhibitor from Aconitum pseudo-laeve var. erectum. Kim, D.K., Kwon, H.Y., Lee, K.R., Rhee, D.K., Zee, O.P. Arch. Pharm. Res. (1998) [Pubmed]
  18. A column-switching LC/MS/ESI method for detecting tetrodotoxin and Aconitum alkaloids in serum. Hayashida, M., Hayakawa, H., Wada, K., Yamada, T., Nihira, M., Ohno, Y. Legal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) (2003) [Pubmed]
  19. Arrow poisons in China. Part I. Bisset, N.G. Journal of ethnopharmacology. (1979) [Pubmed]
  20. Determination of Aconitum alkaloids in blood and urine samples. I. High-performance liquid chromatographic separation, solid-phase extraction and mass spectrometric confirmation. Ohta, H., Seto, Y., Tsunoda, N. J. Chromatogr. B Biomed. Sci. Appl. (1997) [Pubmed]
  21. Suppressive effects of JCICM-6, the extract of an anti-arthritic herbal formula, on the experimental inflammatory and nociceptive models in rodents. Zhou, H., Wong, Y.F., Cai, X., Liu, Z.Q., Jiang, Z.H., Bian, Z.X., Xu, H.X., Liu, L. Biol. Pharm. Bull. (2006) [Pubmed]
 
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