Disease relevance of Turmeric yellow

• Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) down-regulates the constitutive activation of nuclear factor-kappa B and IkappaBalpha kinase in human multiple myeloma cells, leading to suppression of proliferation and induction of apoptosis [1].
• Curcumin, a diferuloylmethane, is a chemopreventive agent known to inhibit the proliferation of several breast and prostate cancer cell lines [2].
• Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic study of oral Curcuma extract in patients with colorectal cancer [3].
• Curcuma spp. extracts, particularly the dietary polyphenol curcumin, prevent colon cancer in rodents [3].
• Curcumin both prevented and reversed mouse cardiac hypertrophy induced by aortic banding (AB) and PE infusion, as assessed by heart weight/BW and lung weight/BW ratios, echocardiographic parameters, and gene expression of hypertrophic markers [4].
• The effects of curcumin were examined in vivo in 2 different heart failure models: hypertensive heart disease in salt-sensitive Dahl rats and surgically induced myocardial infarction in rats [5].
• Oral curcumin is well tolerated and, despite its limited absorption, has biological activity in some patients with pancreatic cancer [6].
• Due to the possible progression of MGUS to multiple myeloma, the potential role of curcumin as a therapeutic intervention for MGUS patients warrants further investigation [7].
• Because of the crucial role of inflammation in most chronic diseases, the potential of curcumin has been examined in neoplastic, neurological, cardiovascular, pulmonary and metabolic diseases [8].
• This preclinical study shows that curcumin is capable of suppressing malignant glioma growth in vitro and in vivo [9].
• IKKβ kinase could be a useful biomarker for detecting the effect of curcumin in head and neck cancer [10].

Psychiatry related information on Turmeric yellow

• Discovery of natural products from Curcuma longa that protect cells from beta-amyloid insult: a drug discovery effort against Alzheimer's disease [11].
• (turmeric), possesses a wide variety of biological activities related to the treatment and prevention of affective disorders [12].

High impact information on Turmeric yellow

• Suppression of NF-kappaB and STAT3 activation in MM cells by ex vivo treatment with curcumin (diferuloylmethane) resulted in a decrease in adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells, cytokine secretion, and in the viability of cells [13].
• Curcumin, derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L. and having both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, inhibits chemically induced carcinogenesis in the skin, forestomach, and colon when it is administered during initiation and/or postinitiation stages [14].
• Curcumin, which is a naturally occurring compound, is present in turmeric, possesses both antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties, and has been tested for its chemopreventive properties in skin and forestomach carcinogenesis [15].
• Topical application of curcumin, the yellow pigment in turmeric and curry, strongly inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity, DNA synthesis, and tumor promotion in mouse skin (Huang et al., Cancer Res., 48: 5941-5946, 1988) [16].
• Therefore, we undertook studies to determine the antiarthritic efficacy and mechanism of action of a well-characterized turmeric extract using an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [17].

Chemical compound and disease context of Turmeric yellow

• Curcumin (diferuloylmethane, from turmeric, the roots/rhizomes of Curcuma spp), dicaffeoylquinic and dicaffeoylt artaric acids, L-chicoric acid, and a number of fungal metabolites (equisetin, phomasetin, oteromycin, and integric acid) have all been proposed as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors [18].
• Here we show that curcumin, a component of the spice turmeric, is able to attenuate colitis in the dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNB)-induced murine model of colitis [19].
• Selective induction of apoptosis by ar-turmerone isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa L) in two human leukemia cell lines, but not in human stomach cancer cell line [20].
• Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.), which has been chosen for toxicity evaluation by NIEHS, is among the top 15 herbal supplements currently on the market and contains a complex mixture of indigenous components ranging from carbohydrates and amino acids to isoquinoline alkaloids [21].
• A water extract of Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) rescues PC12 cell death caused by pyrogallol or hypoxia/reoxygenation and attenuates hydrogen peroxide induced injury in PC12 cells [22].

Biological context of Turmeric yellow

• Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) inhibits constitutive and IL-6-inducible STAT3 phosphorylation in human multiple myeloma cells [23].
• In efforts to identify novel approaches to block the proliferation of PEL cells, we found that curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a natural compound isolated from the plant Curcuma Ionga, inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in a dose dependent manner in several PEL cell lines [24].
• DNA damage by smoke: protection by turmeric and other inhibitors of ROS [25].
• Here we show that curcumin (diferoylmethane), a major component of the spice turmeric, potently inhibits PrP-res accumulation in scrapie agent-infected neuroblastoma cells (50% inhibitory concentration, approximately 10 nM) and partially inhibits the cell-free conversion of PrP to PrP-res [26].
• In view of the sparse information on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of curcumin in humans, a dose-escalation pilot study of a novel standardized Curcuma extract in proprietary capsule form was performed at doses between 440 and 2200 mg/day, containing 36-180 mg of curcumin [3].

Anatomical context of Turmeric yellow

• In this report, we examine the ability of curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a pigment derived from turmeric, to suppress RANKL signaling and osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 cells, a murine monocytic cell line [27].
• Consistent with these findings, inflammatory cell influx, joint levels of prostaglandin E(2), and periarticular osteoclast formation were inhibited by turmeric extract treatment [17].
• Recently we have detected and partially purified a 15-kDa cytosolic L-alpha-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-binding protein (LPABP), which stimulates export of LPA from mitochondria (Vancura, A., Carroll, M. A., and Haldar, D. (1991) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 175, 339-343) [28].
• Curcumin, the active constituent of turmeric, inhibits amyloid peptide-induced cytochemokine gene expression and CCR5-mediated chemotaxis of THP-1 monocytes by modulating early growth response-1 transcription factor [29].
• Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) inhibits constitutive active NF-kappaB, leading to suppression of cell growth of human T-cell leukemia virus type I-infected T-cell lines and primary adult T-cell leukemia cells [30].

Associations of Turmeric yellow with other chemical compounds

• Other spices, such as saffron, a food colorant; turmeric, a yellow colored spice; tea, either green or black, and flaxseed do contain potent phytochemicals, including carotenoids, curcumins, catechins, lignan respectively, which provide significant protection against cancer [31].
• Free radical reactions of curumin, a lipid soluble antioxidant from turmeric (Curcuma longa), have been studied with a variety of oxidants using TX 100 micelle as a model membrane [32].
• Benzenesulfonamide and iminodiacetate (IDA)-conjugated Cu(2+) independently interact at the active site and a peripheral site of carbonic anhydrases, respectively [Banerjee, A. L., Swanson, M., Roy, B. C., Jia, X., Haldar, M. K., Mallik, S., and Srivastava, D. K. (2004) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 10875-10883] [33].
• OBJECTIVES: Xanthorrhizol, isolated from the methanol extract of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., was investigated for its anticandidal activity using six Candida species [34].
• Such undesired effects of oxidative stress have been found to be controlled by the antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory effects of dietary polyphenols such as curcumin (diferuloylmethane, a principal component of tumeric) and resveratrol (a flavanoid found in red wine) [35].
• When it was administered to tumor-bearing nude mice, curcumin inhibited growth of PC3 xenografts and enhanced the antitumor effects of gemcitabine and radiation [36].
• In SKOV3ip1 and HeyA8 tumors, curcumin alone and with docetaxel decreased both proliferation (P < 0.001) and microvessel density (P < 0.001) and increased tumor cell apoptosis (P < 0.05) [37].

Gene context of Turmeric yellow

• The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a pharmacologically safe phytochemical agent with potent anti-inflammatory properties on IL-1beta and TNF-alpha signalling pathways in human articular chondrocytes maintained in vitro [38].
• Curcuminoids purified from turmeric powder modulate the function of human multidrug resistance protein 1 (ABCC1) [39].
• In accordance with Souchet et al., recombinant p63RhoGEF interacted with and catalysed GDP/GTP exchange at RhoA, but not Rac1 or Cdc42 [40].
• Curcumin, a major active component of turmeric, has been identified as an inhibitor of the transcriptional activity of activator protein-1 (AP-1) [41].
• In addition, turmeric was found to strongly inhibit in vitro phenol sulfotransferase (SULT) activity and demonstrate moderate inhibitory properties against UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) activity in Caco-2 cells (IC(50)=0.17 mg/ml and 0.62 mg/ml, respectively) [42].
• The effect of curcumin on STAT4 activation in T cells is dependent upon the stimulus to which the T cells have been exposed [43].
• The results suggest that liposomal curcumin is a viable nontoxic therapeutic agent for HNSCC that may work via an AKT-independent pathway [44].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Turmeric yellow

• METHODS: The composition of commercial turmeric dietary supplements was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography [17].
• Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), an anti-inflammatory agent used in traditional medicine, has been shown to suppress cellular transformation, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis through a mechanism not fully understood [45].
• Fifteen patients with advanced colorectal cancer refractory to standard chemotherapies received Curcuma extract daily for up to 4 months [3].
• Further, these results strengthen the various other biological effects of turmeric which have direct relevance to anticarcinogenesis and chemoprevention [46].
• Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a polyphenol natural product of the plant Curcuma longa, is undergoing early clinical trials as a novel anticancer agent [47].

References