Psychiatry related information on World War I

• It is concluded that World War I did not influence suicide; the Great Influenza Epidemic caused it to increase; and the continuing decline in alcohol consumption between 1910 and 1920 depressed national suicide rates [1].

High impact information on World War I

• Lung cancer mortality in World War I veterans with mustard-gas injury: 1919-1965 [2].
• Blood transfusion became a relatively safe and practicable procedure following the discovery in 1900 of blood groups and the realization early in the first World War that citrate was a safe and effective anticoagulant [3].
• George Crile, Harvey Cushing, and the Ambulance Americaine: military medical preparedness in World War I [4].
• Sulfur mustard (SM; 2,2(')-dichloroethyl sulfide) is a percutaneous alkylating agent first used as a chemical weapon at Ypres, Belgium, in World War I [5].
• Cocaine was first considered to be a drug of potential abuse during the First World War but was only perceived as a serious threat when it became widely used in socially and economically deprived urban areas of the USA in the 1980s [6].

Biological context of World War I

• This is the second of three brief papers that summarize the history of Aviation Medicine in the Royal Air Force. British aviation medicine research was rescued from the doldrums of retrenchment after the end of the First World War by the need to support attempts on world records for height and speed [7].
• The steep head down tilt surgical posture, popularized in the 1870s by Trendelenburg as a means of improving access to pelvic pathology and espoused by the American physiologist, Walter Cannon, during World War I as a resuscitative position with which to treat shock, has a history of widespread, ritualistic acceptance [8].
• While the use of latex surgical gloves became routine by the end of World War I, it wasn't until the adoption of universal precautions by the Centers for Disease Control in 1987 that the use of gloves was officially expanded to cover virtually all aspects of patient care [9].

Associations of World War I with chemical compounds

• Around World War I, American novelist Theodore Dreiser wrote several plays, one of which, "Laughing Gas," explores the odd experience of a physician undergoing surgery with nitrous oxide/oxygen anesthesia [10].
• The BAR is similar in concept to the older Murphy "Button" used circa World War I, but it's constructed of polyglycolic acid rather than metal [11].
• A historical review explains the reasons for the addition of sodium dichromate after the First World War. The chromium content in different brands of eau de Javel has been determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry [12].
• Microbial production of glycerol has been known for 150 years, and glycerol was produced commercially during World War I [13].
• Tissue homogenates from mouse ear skin exposed to sulfur mustard (HD, which is a military designation and probably originated from a World War I slang term 'Hun Stuff') were assayed for serine and cysteine protease activities [14].

Gene context of World War I

• Figures from Great Britain's casualty list at the close of the first year of World War I indicated that for every 100 aviators killed, 60 died as a result of some individual physical defect, 30 from some form of recklessness or careless behavior, 8 as a result of some mechanical defect in the airplane, and only 2 at the hands of the enemy [15].
• After World War I, many fledgling authors spent time in Paris, becoming known as the "lost generation" and adding French and other drinking styles to their existing drinking patterns [16].
• Thus, the so-called "Brain Commission" of the International Association of Academies was founded in 1903 and was active until the outbreak of the First World War. The Brain Commission had no successor for nearly half a century, until the "International Brain Research Organization" (IBRO) was founded in 1961 [17].
• Ernest Jones, in particular, an analysand of Ferenczi and fellow member of the Secret Committee founded by Freud before World War I, seriously attacked Ferenczi [18].
• He was a vaudeville entertainer with his wife Billie, an inventor, electrical engineer, and a radio operator for the Secret Service during World War I [19].

References