Disease relevance of Ethyl aminobenzoate

• Methemoglobinemia as a complication of 20% benzocaine spray for endoscopy [1].
• When induced by benzocaine anesthetic spray and other chemicals, it can result in cyanosis and life-threatening complications [2].
• Thus, PPA is safe and effective for weight loss, appears less effective than prescription anorectics in studies exceeding 4 wk, and weight loss was not enhanced by combination with benzocaine [3].
• Benzocaine anaphylaxis [4].
• We have studied the effect of local anesthetics QX 572, which is permanently charged, and benzocaine, which is neutral, on batrachotoxin-activated sodium channels in mouse neuroblastoma N18 cells [5].

High impact information on Ethyl aminobenzoate

• The differences in lipid solubility and molecular weight between lidocaine and benzocaine may explain the differences in their use-dependent blocking effects on sodium current [6].
• We compared the blocking effects of the local anesthetics, lidocaine and benzocaine, on the sodium current, using single rat ventricular cells to obtain further information about the voltage dependence and kinetics of local anesthetic interaction with cardiac sodium channels [6].
• In ventricular muscle, procaine often shifted the plateau to a more positive value and increased the force of contraction, whereas benzocaine shortened the action potential and decreased contractile force [7].
• Under the same conditions in Purkinje fibers, procaine increased contractile force and benzocaine decreased it (but less than in the absence of TTX) [7].
• Mutations of the PQIVID sequence of TRESK to PQIVIA, PQIVAD, or PQAVAD increasingly deteriorated the calcium-dependent activation in the listed order and correspondingly reduced the benzocaine sensitivity (a property discriminating activated channels from resting ones), when it was measured after the calcium signal in Xenopus oocytes [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Ethyl aminobenzoate

• The first patient developed methemoglobinemia while on a nitroglycerin infusion, and the second after receiving benzocaine spray before intubation [9].
• Because benzocaine causes weight loss by altering taste and PPA by central appetite suppression, they may induce additional weight loss when combined [10].
• We present a case of a 57-year-old man who developed severe drug-induced methemoglobinemia after exposure to benzocaine spray and lidocaine jelly during intubation for an elective thoracoscopic lung biopsy [11].
• Of 127 patients referred to clinics for evaluation of contact dermatitis, 11% yielded positive tests to nickel, 6.3% to neomycin, 3.1% to ethylenediamine, and 1.6% to benzocaine [12].
• Patients with dermatitis involving the legs were significantly more likely to be allergic to ethylenediamine (p = 0.01) and benzocaine (p = 0.04) than those with dermatitis not involving the legs [13].

Biological context of Ethyl aminobenzoate

• The dose-response curves for each drug suggest that QX 752 and benzocaine each act on a single class of binding sites [5].
• At -70 mV, the concentration of benzocaine that inhibits 50% of BTX-modified Na+ currents in GH3 cells (IC50) is 0.2 mM, whereas at +50 mV, the IC50 is 1.3 mM [14].
• Ketamine (0.2-1.0 mM), benzocaine (0.2-1 mM), atropine (0.1-2 mM) and tetrodotoxin (20-200 nM) depressed synaptic transmission and, in the presence of phorbol dibutyrate (1 microM), these substances were more potent by 3.7 +/- 0.5, 1.5 +/- 4, 2.6 +/- 0.6 and 5.5 +/- 1.8 fold, respectively [15].
• The local anesthetics lidocaine, tetracaine, benzocaine and dibucaine were found to inhibit sterol esterification by acylCoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT, EC 2.3.1.26) in the microsomal fraction isolated from rabbit aortas [16].
• Salt effects on an ion-molecule reaction--hydroxide-catalyzed hydrolysis of benzocaine [17].

Anatomical context of Ethyl aminobenzoate

• Benzocaine (Cetacaine) spray has been shown previously to cause methemoglobinemia in two patients when applied topically to the mucous membranes [18].
• An aqueous suspension of n-butyl p-aminobenzoate (BAB), a highly lipid-soluble congener of benzocaine, was applied epidurally and around ulnar nerves in dogs [19].
• There was no significant change in the lower esophageal sphincter pressure or the amplitude of esophageal contractions after benzocaine [20].
• Solvent interaction with polydimethylsiloxane membranes and its effects on benzocaine solubility and diffusion [21].
• OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether benzocaine spray applied to the cervix and the endocervical canal before performing office endometrial biopsy improves patient comfort during the procedure [22].

Associations of Ethyl aminobenzoate with other chemical compounds

• CONCLUSIONS: Topical pharyngeal anaesthesia with benzocaine/tyrothricin lozenges with conscious sedation has no advantages over conscious sedation alone in patients undergoing upper endoscopy [23].
• Reduction of Vmax by QX-314 and benzocaine in neonatal and adult canine cardiac Purkinje fibers [24].
• The percutaneous absorption and metabolism of three structurally related compounds, benzoic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), and ethyl aminobenzoate (benzocaine), were determined in vitro through hairless guinea pig skin [25].
• IMPLICATIONS: Topical administration of the opioid micro -agonist morphine and the sodium channel inhibitors butamben and benzocaine results in a synergistic interaction for antinociception in radiant heat tail-flick assay in mice, suggesting that the combination of these drugs will enhance rather than detract from the analgesia of either alone [26].
• In vitro skin absorption and metabolism of benzoic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, and benzocaine in the hairless guinea pig [25].

Gene context of Ethyl aminobenzoate

• Of these markers, CD86 proved to be the most reliable since it detected all sensitizers, including benzocaine, a classical false negative in local lymph node assay (LLNA) but not irritants [27].
• Benzocaine gave less weight loss than PPA (P less than 0.05 ANOVA) [3].
• Putative binding sites for benzocaine on a human cardiac cloned channel (Kv1.5) [28].
• The neutral local anaesthetic benzocaine, applied externally at a concentration in the bathing solution of 1 mM, had effects very similar to RAD 366 [29].
• Duodenal but not jejunal benzocaine attenuated the effect of lipid on gastric volume, plasma CCK, and nausea during distension (135 +/- 38 and 216 +/- 40 ml, 4.6 +/- 0.6 pmol/l and not assessed, and 37 +/- 12 and 64 +/- 21 for lipid + duodenal benzocaine and lipid + jejunal benzocaine, respectively) and on pressures for sensations [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ethyl aminobenzoate

• After removal of Na inactivation and charge movement immobilization by BTX, benzocaine decreased the amplitude of INa with no change in time course [31].
• This method consists of 1 intradermal injection of 1.2 ml emulsified FCA, 5 irradiations with 20.4 J/cm2 of UVA, and topical applications of 5% p-aminoethylbenzoate (benzocaine) at the induction stage [32].
• One of the most common topical anaesthetics is benzocaine which has been demonstrated to produce excellent analgesia on oral mucous membranes [33].
• Benzocaine spray is commonly used as a topical anesthetic agent during bronchoscopy [34].
• A rapid HPLC method for the quantification of tyrothricin, menthol, and benzocaine in pharmaceutical formulations [35].

References