Disease relevance of SCGN

• In a subset of neuroendocrine tumors, such as gastric neuroendocrine cancers and typical carcinoid tumors of rectum and ovary, SCGN showed strong staining while CgA expression was often negative [1].
• SCGN expression was identified in 140 out of 213 neuroendocrine tumors and 12 conventional carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation [1].
• It is intriguing to note that SCGN staining was positive in 26 out of 31 small cell lung cancers, more frequently than the other three markers [1].
• In sera obtained from 32 patients with different forms of neurological symptoms due to focal cerebral ischemia, secretagogin levels ranged from 3 to 236 pg/ml, with highest levels observed on days 2 and 3 after infarction [2].
• Those results suggest that secretagogin might play a role in human non-functional pituitary adenomas [3].

Psychiatry related information on SCGN

• OBJECTIVE: A recent review by the United States Secret Service of cases involving threats against the President indicated that about 50 percent of subjects had received mental health care [4].

High impact information on SCGN

• In RIN-5F cells, the antiproliferative effect is possibly due to secretagogin-triggered down-regulation of substance P transcription [5].
• We have cloned a novel pancreatic beta cell and neuroendocrine cell-specific calcium-binding protein termed secretagogin [5].
• Functional analysis of transfected cell lines expressing secretagogin revealed an influence on calcium flux and cell proliferation [5].
• Thyroid tissue expression of secretagogin was restricted to C-cells [5].
• Cloning and expression of secretagogin, a novel neuroendocrine- and pancreatic islet of Langerhans-specific Ca2+-binding protein [5].

Chemical compound and disease context of SCGN

• For secretagogin mRNA, the expression level was NF- < LH+ < FSH+ + LH+ < FSH+ < Control, with a range of down-regulation of 1.8-18.6 fold in non-functional pituitary adenomas compared to controls that was significant (p < 0.05) [3].
• We recently reported secretagogin, a hexa-EF-hand Ca(2+) binding protein, as a novel NE marker in carcinoid tumors of the lung and the gastrointestinal tract [6].

Biological context of SCGN

• We conclude that SCGN is a novel neuroendocrine marker that may be useful in routine surgical pathology practice [1].
• Cerebral expression and serum detectability of secretagogin, a recently cloned EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding protein [2].
• However, S-100B levels were higher and exhibited different kinetics than secretagogin [2].
• The proteomics and transcriptomics data demonstrated that secretagogin was significantly down-regulated at the protein and mRNA levels, respectively, in the human non-functional (NF) pituitary adenomas (NF-, LH+, FSH+, and FSH+ + LH+) [3].

Anatomical context of SCGN

• We found strong SCGN staining in most normal neuroendocrine tissues except in the adrenal cortex [1].
• Secretagogin was detected in high quantity in basket and stellate cells of the cerebellar cortex, in secretory neurons of the anterior part of the pituitary gland and in singular neurons of the frontal and parietal neocortex [2].
• Setagin expression was found in considerable amounts in the pancreas whereas secretagogin and secretagogin-R22 were also found in the central nervous system and organs containing neurendocrine cells [7].
• RESULTS: Secretagogin is cytoplasmic and nuclear expressed in NE and NE differentiated cells, and to a lesser extent in epithelial cells, in the benign prostate and prostate adenocarcinoma cells [6].
• Western blot analysis detected a 32-kDa secretagogin band in samples from normal mucosa [8].

Associations of SCGN with chemical compounds

• Glucose also led to changes in expression of secretagogin protein in INS-1e cells, but not in primary cells from non-diabetes-prone Wistar Furth rats [9].
• "The Delicious Progress": whiteness as an atavism in Conrad Aiken's "Silent Snow, Secret Snow" [10].
• This paper is an extract from The Invisible Hospital and the Secret Garden--an Insider's Commentary on NHS Reforms and is based on a paper presented at The Royal Society of Medicine in London on 11 April 1994 [11].

Co-localisations of SCGN

• Secretagogin stained 82% (46/56) of benign and 71% (48/68) of prostate adenocarcinomas and co-localized with the NE markers CgA and NSE [6].

Other interactions of SCGN

• In addition to the most common genes (e.g. insulin, transthyretin, glucagon), a number of other abundant genes with ill-defined functions such as proSAAS or secretagogin, were also observed [12].
• Delusional visitors to the White House or other government offices (often seeking a personal audience with the President) are interviewed by the Secret Service and then sent to Saint Elizabeths Hospital if they are considered mentally ill and potentially dangerous to themselves or others [13].
• Ernest Jones, in particular, an analysand of Ferenczi and fellow member of the Secret Committee founded by Freud before World War I, seriously attacked Ferenczi [14].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of SCGN

• Using a newly developed sandwich capture ELISA we show presence of secretagogin in serum of patients suffering from hypoxic neuronal damage [2].
• Immunohistochemical investigations, using a murine monoclonal and an affinity purified rabbit polyclonal anti-secretagogin antibody as well as Northern-blot and Western-blot analysis revealed a neuron-specific cerebral expression pattern [2].
• Immunohistochemistry revealed absence of secretagogin-expressing cells in most of the colorectal cancer tissue specimens [15].
• In the first set, the forensic laboratory at the United States Secret Service conducted tests on 68 bars of soap using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry [16].
• The reduction of the secretagogin content in colorectal cancer tissues was confirmed by comparative immunoblotting (n = 17) and RT-PCR (n = 22) as well as by immunohistochemistry (n = 45) of individual-matched neoplastic and normal colorectal tissue specimens [15].

References