Disease relevance of Enterodiol

• Excretion of the lignans enterolactone and enterodiol and of equol in omnivorous and vegetarian postmenopausal women and in women with breast cancer [1].
• We observed a substantial reduction in colorectal adenoma risk among subjects with high plasma concentrations of enterolignans, in particular, enterodiol [2].
• The mammalian lignans enterolactone (ENL) and enterodiol, commonly found in human plasma and urine, are phytoestrogens that may contribute to the prevention of breast cancer and coronary heart disease [3].

High impact information on Enterodiol

• It is suggested that the precursors of the human lignans enterolactone and enterodiol formed by the intestinal microflora are to be found in fibre-rich foods such as grains, nuts, and legumes [1].
• Therefore, we studied urinary excretion of these compounds (enterolactone, enterodiol, daidzein, equol, and O-desmethylangolensin) in 10 women and 9 men in a rural village south of Kyoto, Japan. The subjects consumed a typical low-fat diet with much rice and soy products, fish, and vegetables [4].
• Mammalian lignans enterolactone and enterodiol, alone and in combination with the isoflavone genistein, do not promote the growth of MCF-7 xenografts in ovariectomized athymic nude mice [5].
• While the isoflavone genistein (GEN) has been shown to prevent or slow the loss of bone mineral density (BMD), the effect of lignans enterodiol (END) and enterolactone (ENL) are unknown [6].
• When only incident cases (n = 262) were included, high compared to low plasma concentrations of enterodiol were associated with a reduction in colorectal adenoma risk after adjustment for confounding variables [2].

Chemical compound and disease context of Enterodiol

• We examined the distribution and long-term reliability of serum measurements of the two main human lignans, enterolactone and enterodiol, and the isoflavonoid phytoestrogens daidzein, genistein, equol, and O-Desmethylangolensin in the New York University Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort study of sex hormones and breast cancer [7].

Biological context of Enterodiol

• Apoptosis analysis by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay showed an increased percentage of apoptotic cells in the floating cells after enterodiol alone or combined treatments [8].
• However, the rate of hydrolysis in plasma was significantly slower than that in urine for all analytes except enterodiol, for which the reverse was true [9].

Anatomical context of Enterodiol

• Genistein alone and in combination with the mammalian lignans enterolactone and enterodiol induce estrogenic effects on bone and uterus in a postmenopausal breast cancer mouse model [6].
• Uptake and metabolism of enterolactone and enterodiol by human colon epithelial cells [10].
• Intracellular levels of conjugated enterolactone and enterodiol in HT29 cells rose immediately after starting the exposure [10].
• Enterodiol (END), ENL and SCFA concentrations were measured from in vitro faecal fermentation samples and from the intestinal contents of rats [11].
• Conjugation and excretion of enterolactone and enterodiol was complete within 8 h, except for enterodiol in CaCo-2 cells ( approximately 48 h) [10].

Associations of Enterodiol with other chemical compounds

• SDG is metabolized by the colonic microflora to the mammalian lignans enterodiol (END) and enterolactone (ENL), and was hypothesized to reduce plasma lipid concentrations and improve antioxidant capacity [12].
• Smaller decreases in aromatase activity were observed with the lignan, enterodiol (End) and its theoretical precursors, O-demethylsecoisolariciresinol (ODSI), demethoxysecoisolariciresinol (DMSI) and didemethylsecoisolariciresinol (DDSI) [13].

Gene context of Enterodiol

• These theoretical precursors of the mammalian lignans enterolactone 1 and enterodiol 3 are moderate or weak inhibitors of human aromatase activity [14].
• Neither ENL nor enterodiol showed estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity via a classical alpha- or beta-type estrogen receptor-mediated pathway in vitro at < 1.0 microM [15].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Enterodiol

• Lignans are a widely distributed class of natural products, whose functions and distribution suggest that they are one of the earliest forms of defense to have evolved in vascular plants; some, such as podophyllotoxin and enterodiol, have important roles in cancer chemotherapy and prevention, respectively [16].
• Plasma enterodiol and enterolactone concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry [2].

References