Disease relevance of Fabaceae

• Nodulation of legumes by Rhizobium: the recognized root [1]?
• Foods that are high in fat and cholesterol, such as red meat, margarine, and eggs, were positively associated with endometrial cancer, whereas cereals, legumes, vegetables, and fruits, particularly those high in lutein, were inversely associated [2].
• Colorectal cancer was found associated with dietary intake of total calories (RRs = 1.0, 1.6, 1.6, 2.6) and cholesterol (RRs = 1.0, 0.9, 1.7, 1.7) and a protective effect was associated with the intake of fibre from legumes (pulses) and folic acid [3].
• Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, which causes halo blight on various legumes, and pv. actinidiae, responsible for canker or leaf spot on actinidia plants, are known as phaseolotoxin producers, and the former possesses phaseolotoxin-resistant ornithine carbamoyltransferase (ROCT) which confers resistance to the toxin [4].
• Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257, a symbiont of soybean and many other legumes, secretes proteins called Nops (nodulation outer proteins) into the extracellular environment upon flavonoid induction [5].

High impact information on Fabaceae

• A tight metabolic association with rhizobial bacteria allows legumes to obtain nitrogen compounds by bacterial reduction of dinitrogen (N2) to ammonium (NH4+) [6].
• Larvae of the bruchid beetle Caryedes brasiliensis feed exclusively on seeds of the Neotropical legume Dioclea megacarpa, which contains 13 percent L-canavanine by dry weight [7].
• Intake of nonlegume green vegetables, assessed because of the high lectin content of legumes, was also protective (OR, 0.54; CI, 0.35-0.81), but this was not independent of galactose [8].
• It is suggested that the precursors of the human lignans enterolactone and enterodiol formed by the intestinal microflora are to be found in fibre-rich foods such as grains, nuts, and legumes [9].
• The gene rpl22, encoding chloroplast ribosomal protein CL22, is present in the chloroplast genome of all plants examined except legumes, while a functional copy of rpl22 is located in the nucleus of the legume pea [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Fabaceae

• We cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of the gltA gene that encodes citrate synthase in Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257, a symbiont of soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) and several other legumes [11].
• ACC deaminase might be the second described strategy utilized by Rhizobium to promote nodulation by adjusting ethylene levels in legumes [12].
• Rhizolotine and yellow-1 were found in nodules from a range of different legumes inoculated with NZP2037, suggesting that the Rhizobium and not the host plant determines their synthesis [13].
• To investigate the role of dicarboxylate transport in nitrogen-fixing symbioses between Rhizobium and tropical legumes, we made a molecular genetic analysis of the bacterial transport system in Rhizobium sp. NGR234 [14].
• The data on other dietary components that have been examined with regard to prostate cancer etiology (cadmium, zinc, vitamins C and D, beverages, and legumes) are too incomplete at this time to draw any inferences as to their importance [15].

Biological context of Fabaceae

• Genetics of competition for nodulation of legumes [16].
• We have recently reported the tumor cell growth inhibitory properties of a mixture of triterpenoid saponins obtained from an Australian desert tree (Leguminosae) Acacia victoriae (Bentham) [17].
• Although many iron-chelating agents potentiate reactive oxygen formation and lipid peroxidation, phytic acid (abundant in edible legumes, cereals, and seeds) forms an iron chelate which greatly accelerates Fe2+-mediated oxygen reduction yet blocks iron-driven hydroxyl radical generation and suppresses lipid peroxidation [18].
• Plant food intake (whole grains, refined grains, fruit, vegetables, nuts, or legumes) was inversely related to EBP after adjustment for age, sex, race, center, energy intake, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and other potential confounding factors [19].
• Because inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) is a dietary phytochemical present in cereals, soy, legumes, and fiber-rich foods, we evaluated efficacy of IP6 against PCA growth and associated molecular events [20].

Anatomical context of Fabaceae

• The current distribution of cox2 presence and expression between the nucleus and mitochondrion in the studied legumes is probably the result of chance mutations silencing either cox2 gene [21].
• Trapping of lysine residues inside protein aggregates may explain limited digestibility in the small intestine of proteins in cooked legumes [22].
• Thirteen strains of a new ascospore-forming, methanol-assimilating yeast species were isolated from sap exudates of Sclerolobium sp. (carvoeiro) in two forest fragments in the state of Toncantins, Brazil, and from Hymenaea courbaril (guapinol, jatobá) in Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica [23].
• The acetone soluble fraction from a crude methanol extract of Stryphnodendron adstringens stem bark (AFSAB) was evaluated in acute (ethanol, indomethacin and hypothermic restraint-stress) and chronic (acetic acid) models of gastric ulceration and on basal and bethanechol-stimulated gastric acid secretion in rats [24].
• The cytosolic phosphatidate phosphatase of safflower seeds was not transferred to the microsomal membranes prepared from soybean, a plant species of Leguminosae, and from rapeseed, a species of Cruciferae, but was transferred to that from sunflower, which belongs to the same family as safflower, Compositae [25].

Associations of Fabaceae with chemical compounds

• Identification and expression of isoflavone synthase, the key enzyme for biosynthesis of isoflavones in legumes [26].
• In legumes, the synthesis of infection- and elicitor-inducible antimicrobial phytoalexins occurs via the isoflavonoid branch of the phenylpropanoid pathway [27].
• Asparagine, the primary assimilation product from N2 fixation in temperate legumes and the predominant nitrogen transport product in many plant species, is synthesized via asparagine synthetase (AS; EC 6.3.5.4) [28].
• We tested the ability of avicins, a family of triterpenoid saponins obtained from Acacia victoriae (Bentham) (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae), to inhibit chemically induced mouse skin carcinogenesis [29].
• Canaline reductase performs at least three important functions for canavanine-synthesizing legumes [30].

Gene context of Fabaceae

• The second hemoglobin gene, AHB2, represents a class of nonsymbiotic hemoglobin (class 2) related in sequence to the symbiotic hemoglobin genes of legumes and Casuarina [31].
• Using a phylogenomic approach, we show that homologs of TCP1/CYCLOIDEA occur in legumes and may be divided into two main classes (LEGCYC group I and II), apparently the result of an early duplication, and each class is characterized by a typical amino acid signature in the TCP domain [32].
• LjUr is in the cluster of amide-transport legumes even though L. japonicus bears determinate nodules [33].
• Homologous cDNAs were found in several legumes, and the catalytic function of the Lotus japonicus HI4'OMT was verified, indicating that HI4'OMT is the enzyme of formononetin biosynthesis in general legumes [34].
• NopL (formerly y4xL) of NGR234 is a putative symbiotic effector that modulates nodulation in legumes [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Fabaceae

• Effects of oral administration for 4 weeks of a soy fraction with mainly isoflavones (Glycine max, Leguminosae) (SOYPH; 5 mg/kg) on vascular dysfunction induced by bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) in rats were studied [36].
• Genetic engineering for high methionine grain legumes [37].
• An high-performance liquid chromatography method for determining inositol phosphate fractions was adapted to legumes [38].
• The insect growth regulator, Fenoxycarb, induced various morphogenetic aberrations in Notonecta unifasciata, Anax junius and Pantala hymenaea after treatment of late nymphal stages [39].
• In this paper we describe the existence of cross-reactivity between allergens from latex and chickpea, a food from the Leguminosae family, which is common in the Mediterranean diet [40].

References