Disease relevance of Diet, Fat-Restricted

• The patients ate a low-fat diet and received daily doses of glycerol trioleate oil (1.7 g per kilogram of body weight) and glycerol trierucate oil (0.3 g per kilogram) [1].
• We conclude that gemfibrozil is a well-tolerated and effective hypolipidemic agent for the treatment of patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia when used in conjunction with a low-fat diet [2].
• This report evaluates chyle composition in a patient with chylothorax who was placed on a low-fat diet, medium-chain triglyceride diet, and total parenteral nutrition in sequence [3].
• METHODS AND RESULTS: Myocardial blood flow at rest and after dipyridamole-induced hyperemia (0.56 mg/kg i.v.) was quantified with [13N]ammonia and positron emission tomography in 13 volunteers before and upon completion of a 6-week program of cardiovascular conditioning and a low-fat diet [4].
• METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, 522 patients with a history of myocardial infarction or unstable angina and with baseline levels of total cholesterol between 4 and 7 mmol/L (mean, 5.7 mmol/L) were randomized to treatment with a low fat diet plus pravastatin (40 mg daily) or to a low fat diet plus placebo [5].

Psychiatry related information on Diet, Fat-Restricted

• Rats fed fat-free diet for 21 days without prior food deprivation and administered Pb had 79% more EMDM, 34% more AH and 120% more P-450 than non-induced controls, whereas rats fed 20% corn oil diet had 227% more EMDM, 143% more AH and 128% more P-450 [6].
• These results suggest that plasma cholesterol concentrations observed in rural Nigerians may be related to their physical activity and the consumption of a low fat diet [7].
• Blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels may be reduced through dietary modification and low-fat diets blunt the changes in lipids and lipoproteins induced by diuretics or beta blockers [8].

High impact information on Diet, Fat-Restricted

• The level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol fell by 6 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 4 to 8 percent) during the low-fat diet (P < 0.001) and rose by 4 percent during treatment with lovastatin (P < 0.001) [9].
• The ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol and the level of total triglycerides were reduced by lovastatin (P < 0.001), but not by the low-fat diet [9].
• As compared with the High-Sat diet, the Low-Fat diet raised triglyceride levels and significantly reduced plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [10].
• In conclusion, CD36 deficiency enhances insulin responsiveness on a high-starch, low-fat diet [11].
• In mice fed the low-fat diet, leptin activated STAT3 signaling when administered via the intraperitoneal (ip) or the intracerebroventricular (icv) route, with the half-maximal dose being 30-fold less when given by the icv route [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Diet, Fat-Restricted

• CONCLUSION: Results from this study indicate that a high-fiber, low-fat diet intervention is associated with reduced serum bioavailable estradiol concentration in women diagnosed with breast cancer, the majority of whom did not exhibit weight loss [13].
• Individuals who have the valine/valine variant of this gene may be at reduced risk of colon cancer if they eat a low-fat diet [14].
• BACKGROUND: Soluble fibers, including those from psyllium husk, have been shown to augment the cholesterol-lowering effects of a low-fat diet in persons with hypercholesterolemia [15].
• OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether, in type 2 diabetes patients, an ad libitum low-fat diet would cause greater weight loss than would a high-monounsaturated fat diet and would do this without increasing plasma triacylglycerol concentrations or worsening glycemic control [16].
• Results showed that a high sucrose content in a hypoenergetic, low-fat diet did not adversely affect weight loss, metabolism, plasma lipids, or emotional affect [17].

Biological context of Diet, Fat-Restricted

• The serum insulin levels and insulin/glucose ratios (an index of insulin resistance) in rats fed the high-fat diet were approximately twofold lower than in rats fed the low-fat diet, but the differences did not reach statistical significance (P < .09 and P < .09, respectively) [18].
• After 3 months on this low-fat diet, there were significant reductions in luteal-phase serum total estrogens (P less than .001), estrone (P less than .005), and estradiol (P less than .01); progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were unchanged [19].
• On gestation day 19, serum estradiol levels were approximately twofold higher in rats fed a high-fat diet than in rats fed a low-fat diet (P < .02) [18].
• Effects of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor indomethacin on tumorigenesis, tumor proliferation, cell kinetics, and receptor contents of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinoma in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high- or low-fat diet [20].
• Induction of ACC, the rate-controlling enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis, occurs in the liver in response to feeding of a high carbohydrate, low fat diet, conditions that favor enhanced lipogenesis [21].

Anatomical context of Diet, Fat-Restricted

• Mice fed a diet containing unsaturated triacylglycerides express SCD mRNA only in adipose tissue, whereas mice starved and refed a fat-free diet, express SCD mRNA in both liver and adipose tissue [22].
• The gene for S14 in the rat codes for an mRNA which in lipogenic tissues (liver, fat, mammary gland) responds both to L-triiodothyronine and a high-carbohydrate, fat-free diet [23].
• The short-term regulation of rat liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase by glucagon has been studied in hepatocytes from rats that had been fasted and refed a fat-free diet [24].
• This study was performed to delineate the combined effects of a low fat diet and longterm ethanol ingestion on the rat pancreas [25].
• Rats fed a very low fat diet without ethanol (5% of total calories as lipid) developed malnutrition, pancreatic steatosis, and reduction in zymogen granules content [25].

Associations of Diet, Fat-Restricted with chemical compounds

• The ratio of low-density to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was also significantly lower when the High-Mono diet rather than the Low-Fat diet was followed [10].
• After 13 days of repletion with dietary linoleic acid, the EFA deficiency readily develops when fat-free diets containing glucose are given intravenously or orally as constant 24-h infusions [26].
• Fifty-eight female athymic nude mice (NCr-nu/nu) were fed a high-fat diet (23% wt/wt corn oil; 12% linoleic acid) or a low-fat diet (5% wt/wt corn oil; 2.7% linoleic acid) [27].
• Concentrations of total and weakly bound plasma estradiol were significantly (P less than .01) reduced in 73 healthy post-menopausal women after 10-22 weeks of participation in a low-fat diet intervention program [28].
• Rats maintained on a fat-free diet showed significant depletion of arachidonic acid (20:4 omega 6; 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 omega 3; 4,7,10,13,16,19,-docosahexaenoic acid) in brain, and a corresponding increase in Mead acid (20: 3 omega 9; 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid) [29].

Gene context of Diet, Fat-Restricted

• Refeeding a high carbohydrate/low fat diet resulted in a 4- to 5-fold increase of nuclear SREBP-1 above nonfasted levels, whereas nuclear SREBP-2 protein returned only to the nonfasted level [30].
• The decrease in hepatic expression of SREBP-1 and FAS associated with PUFA ingestion was mimicked by supplementing the fat-free diet with the PPARalpha-activator, WY 14, 643 [31].
• Clps-/- mice had normal intake on a low fat diet [32].
• Effect of isocaloric low-fat diet on human LAPC-4 prostate cancer xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient mice and the insulin-like growth factor axis [33].
• Plasma leptin levels were significantly reduced in C3(-/-) mice on both high (P < 0.001) and low fat diets (P < 0.01) [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Diet, Fat-Restricted

• When maintained on a low-fat diet, HDL isolated from both strain C57BL/6J (B6) and C3H/HeJ (C3H) mice protect against LDL oxidation in a coculture model of the artery wall [35].
• Measurements were performed after 1 day consumption of either a low-fat diet (LF), a high-fat diet (HF1, 60% fat, 25% carbohydrate), or a high-fat diet preceded by a glycogen-lowering exercise test (HF1+EX), and after 7 days on a high-fat diet (HF7) [36].
• OBJECTIVE: We compared the CVD risk profile, cholesterol metabolism, and glucose tolerance of 7 healthy subjects during 2 isoenergetic diets: a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet (HF diet) and a moderately high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet (HC diet) [37].
• Metabolic clearance rates of T were not changed, and production rates for T showed a downward trend while on low-fat diet modulation [38].
• Body mass index correlated to baseline values and affected response to diet; only the leanest women had significant decreases in total, LDL, and HDL2 cholesterol in response to the low-fat diet [39].

References