Disease relevance of C10208

• We propose that IOMT colocalizes with the endoplasmic reticulum-associated isoflavone synthase cytochrome P450 to ensure rapid B-ring methylation of the unstable 2,4',7-trihydroxyisoflavanone product of isoflavone synthase, thereby preventing its dehydration to daidzein and subsequent A-ring methylation by free IOMT [1].
• RP, daidzein, and daidzin treatment do not significantly affect the body weight and water or food intake of the hamsters [2].
• Genistein and daidzein were eliminated within 2 d in the healthy subjects, but had not returned to baseline in two of three ESRD patients, 7 d after intake [3].
• Impressive data from the many studies on cultured bone cells and rat models of postmenopausal osteoporosis support a significant bone-sparing effect of the soy isoflavones genistein and daidzein [4].
• Using multivariate logistic regression, the highest vs. lowest intake quartiles of daidzein and genistein yielded significantly reduced ORs (95% CI) for breast cancer risk of 0.62 (0.40-0.95) and 0.47 (0.29-0.74), respectively [5].

Psychiatry related information on C10208

• In the current study, we investigated the influence of long-term dietary habits on daidzein metabolism in healthy Caucasian men (19-65 y old) [6].
• Multivariate analysis, after adjustment for age, family history of prostate cancer, alcohol consumption, and total calorie intake, showed an inverse association between coumestrol (p = 0.03) and daidzein (p = 0.07) and prostate cancer risk [7].
• Administration of daidzein (4.5 mg/kg body weight) to mice was shown significantly to reverse scopolamine-induced amnesia, according to the results of a Y-maze test [8].
• These findings clearly distinguish the action(s) of daidzin and daidzein from those of the classic, broad acting inhibitors of ALDH (e.g. disulfiram) and class I ADH isozymes (e.g. 4-methylpyrazole), and identify them as a new class of compounds that offer promise as safe and effective therapeutic agents for alcohol abuse [9].

High impact information on C10208

• Analysis of the commercial feline diet by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed large amounts of two phytoestrogens identified as daidzein and genistein [10].
• Use of soy-based infant formulas and soy/isoflavone supplements has aroused concern because of potential estrogenic effects of the soy isoflavones genistein and daidzein [11].
• Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors herbimycin A and genistein blocked thrombin-stimulated preproET-1 mRNA and peptide secretion, whereas daidzein, which lacks inhibitory activity, did not suppress thrombin-induced ET-1 [12].
• A protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor, genistein but not its inactive analogue daidzein, inhibited PLD activation by HGF [13].
• Seven isoflavones, biochanin A, daidzein, genistein, genistin, prunectin, puerarin, and pseudobaptigenin were tested for cytostatic and cytotoxic effects on 10 newly established cancer cell lines of the human gastrointestinal origin [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of C10208

• Effects of dietary daidzein and its metabolite, equol, at physiological concentrations on the growth of estrogen-dependent human breast cancer (MCF-7) tumors implanted in ovariectomized athymic mice [15].
• The present study was conducted to determine if genistein and daidzein regulate hepatocyte cholesterol metabolism and apolipoprotein (apo) B secretion in cultured human hepatoma (HepG2) cells [16].
• The aim of our study was to investigate the proliferative effects and mode of action of the phytoestrogens genistein, daidzein and coumestrol on TAM-sensitive (-s) and resistant (-r) breast cancer cells under in vitro conditions designed to mimic the hormonal environment of the pre- and post-menopausal breast [17].
• METHODS: Effects of endothelial-denudation, and pretreatment with with 100 microM L-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and/or 10 microM indomethacin on relaxation of PE (1 microM)-preconstricted contractures by genistein (1-100 microM) and daidzein (3-100 microM) were assessed by measuring isometric force development by rat arterial rings [18].
• Genistein, biochanin-A, and daidzein, the predominant soy isoflavones, have been reported to lower the risk of cancer, but it is not known whether they protect against human hepatoma cancer [19].

Biological context of C10208

• The inactive analogue of genistein, daidzein, was without effect on protein-tyrosine phosphorylation or ADP-evoked Ca2+ elevation in the presence or absence of external Ca2+ [20].
• The balance between concurrent activation of ERs and PPARs determines daidzein-induced osteogenesis and adipogenesis [21].
• Transcriptional and biochemical data show that PPARs, in addition to ERs, are molecular targets of daidzein, which divergently regulates osteogenesis and adipogenesis [21].
• Down-regulation of osteoclast differentiation by daidzein via caspase 3 [22].
• Transfection experiments show that an activation of PPARalpha or PPARgamma by daidzein downregulated its estrogenic transcriptional activity, whereas activation of PPARdelta upregulated its estrogenic transcriptional activity [21].

Anatomical context of C10208

• The area resorbed by mature osteoclasts was reduced by 39 +/- 5% by daidzein and 42 +/- 6% by estradiol (p < 0.01) [22].
• Daidzein stimulated osteogenesis (ALP activity and nodule formation) and decreased adipogenesis (the number of adipocytes) at concentrations below 20 microM, whereas it inhibited osteogenesis and stimulated adipogenesis at concentrations higher than 30 microM [21].
• In addition to ERs, daidzein transactivated not only peroxisome proliferator-activate receptor gamma (PPARgamma), but also PPARalpha and PPARdelta at micromolar concentrations [21].
• Inhibition of these SULT activities by the exogenous phytoestrogens daidzein and genistein, with a potential decrease in iodide reutilization, presents another mechanism through which these compounds may adversely affect human thyroid function [23].
• Equol [IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration): 23.6 +/- 3.6 micromol/L], genistein (IC50: 34.8 +/- 2.6 micromol/L), and daidzein (IC50: 140.0 +/- 24 micromol/L) inhibited bumetanide-sensitive rubidium uptake in LLC-PK1 cells [24].

Associations of C10208 with other chemical compounds

• Although daidzein was able to effectively inhibit the OME-stimulated CYP1A1 gene transcription, it did not influence the OME-dependent AhR.XRE complex formation [25].
• Puerarin, daidzin, and daidzein are 3 major isoflavonoid compounds isolated from Pueraria lobata, an edible vine used widely in China for various medicinal purposes [26].
• Parallel experiments with the inactive analogue daidzein, however, showed that the cytoprotective effect of the isoflavones seems not to be dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation [27].
• CONCLUSION: The apparent bioavailability of genistein and daidzein is not different when consumed as either aglycone or glucoside by American women [28].
• OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the plasma pharmacokinetics of glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of genistein and daidzein in humans after the consumption of a drink made with soy-protein isolate [29].
• Daidzein at high concentrations (1-100 microm) suppressed catecholamine secretion induced by acetylcholine [30].

Gene context of C10208

• The effect of daidzein on the 3-glucuronidation of E2 in human hepatic microsomes was also obtained with human recombinant UGT1A1 [31].
• The ability of daidzein metabolites to modulate 17beta-estradiol (E2)-sensitive gene transcription, cell growth, and a proapoptotic cascade was determined in human cancer cells devoid of any estrogen receptor (ER) and rendered E2 sensitive after transfection with ERbeta [32].
• The results clearly support the hypothesis that genistein and daidzein increased HUVEC prostacyclin production through estrogen receptor-dependent mechanism, which involved the enhancement of COX-2 protein and activity [33].
• Adhesion of U937 cells to HUVEC pretreated for 4 or 24 h with TNF alpha was dose-dependently inhibited by genistein and herbimycin A but unaffected by daidzein [34].
• Formononetin, daidzein and equol significantly enhanced IL-4 production from both CD4+ T cells and EL4 cells in a dose-dependent manner [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of C10208

• Serum levels and metabolic clearance of the isoflavones genistein and daidzein in hemodialysis patients [3].
• HPLC fractionation and enzymatic assay of the soybean extract showed that the components responsible for inhibition of TPO-catalyzed reactions coeluted with daidzein and genistein [36].
• During validation studies of the uterotrophic bioassay, diet samples from 20 participating laboratories were collected and analyzed for three major phytoestrogens: GN, daidzein (DN), and coumestrol (CM) [37].
• A dramatic rise in plasma isoflavone concentrations was observed after supplementation in the soy protein group, the levels reaching 907 +/- 245 nmol/L for genistein (a 110-fold increase) and 498 +/- 102 nmol/L for daidzein (a 150-fold increase) as measured by isotope dilution gas chromatography - mass spectrometry [38].
• This case-control study in China evaluated the effect of soy food consumption and isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) on the risk of prostate cancer [39].

References