Disease relevance of Hematoidin

• Bilirubin-IX alpha photooxidation products were detected by high performance liquid chromatography in the urine of neonates undergoing phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia [1].
• Analysis of the stain demonstrated it to be hematoidin, a degradation compound derived from hemoglobin associated with old hemorrhage [2].
• The majority of the granulomas were associated with refractile brown hematoidin-like pigment, and most were also associated with uniform black pigment [3].
• Hematoidin, foreign body giant cells, and CSF eosinophilia are later findings [4].

High impact information on Hematoidin

• These crystals are morphologically indistinguishable from hematoidin, which results from hemoglobin breakdown following uptake of erythrocytes by macrophages [5].
• It is found that the important HSA binding site for the heme breakdown product, bilirubin-IX alpha, is a target for these agents and is the site of highest relaxivity for all the agents [6].
• There was a general correlation between fetal age and the proportion of bilirubin-IX alpha to bilirubin-IX beta in the bile and the small intestinal contents of fetuses [7].
• In the other 4 cases, golden brown rhomboid crystals with positive elongation appeared to be hematoidin, a degradation production of hemoglobin, which has been found in nonarticular areas of old hemorrhage [8].
• In one patient, hematoidin crystals were identified lying in macrophage vacuoles [8].

Biological context of Hematoidin

• Cervicovaginal smears obtained from two women, one at the 32nd week of pregnancy and the other at the immediate postpartum period, contained hematoidin crystals [9].

Anatomical context of Hematoidin

• Previously underscribed phenomena include clinical evidence of fixed fetal position and a unique pattern of hemosiderin and hematoidin staining of the fetal membranes [10].

Associations of Hematoidin with other chemical compounds

• Aqueous solutions formed by polypeptides, simple models of proteins, and bile salts (sodium cholate and deoxycholate, NaC and NaDC, respectively) or bilirubin-IX alpha (BR) have been studied by CD measurements [11].
• The reactivity of bilirubin-IX alpha, its analogues (III alpha, XIII alpha, and mesobilirubin-IX alpha) and related azo compounds, with 24G7 was compared by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [12].

Gene context of Hematoidin

• After screening assay, 58 clones were identified which were producing antibodies not to albumin nor MBS, but to haptenic bilirubin-IX alpha [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Hematoidin

• The biliary excretion of bilirubin-IX alpha conjugates was quantitated using reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography [14].
• Demonstration of a geometric isomer of bilirubin-IX alpha in the serum of a hyperbilirubinaemic newborn infant and the mechanism of jaundice phototherapy [15].
• (5) A lower affinity of photoproducts, especially unknown pigment, for human serum albumin than with bilirubin-IX alpha for the albumin was demonstrated by the gel-filtration method [16].
• We examined 6,132 cervical smears, applying strict criteria separating hematoidin cockleburrs from crystalline bodies [17].
• The presence of hematoidin crystals is not an uncommon finding in cytologic specimens, particularly those obtained by fine needle aspiration of walled-off, necrotizing lesions with a component of hemorrhage [9].

References