Disease relevance of Xanthohumol

• 8. Xanthohumol also inhibited HIV-1 replication in PBMC with EC50 value of 20.74 microg/ml [1].
• Distinct modulation of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes by 17beta-estradiol and xanthohumol in breast cancer MCF-7 cells [2].
• The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-tumorigenic effects of xanthohumol (XN), the major prenylflavonoid in hops, on prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia [3].
• A xanthohumol-enriched hop extract displayed a weak to moderate antiviral activity against BVDV (therapeutic index (TI)=6.0), HSV-2 (TI=>5.3), Rhino (TI=4.0) and HSV-1 (TI=>1.9) with IC(50) values in the low microg/ml range [4].
• Ultra-pure preparations (>99% pure) were used to show that xanthohumol accounted for the antiviral activity observed in the xanthohumol-enriched hop extract against BVDV, HSV-1 and HSV-2 [4].

High impact information on Xanthohumol

• In a subsequent cell-based assay, xanthohumol and xanthohumol D were confirmed to be potent inducers of quinone reductase, and reaction with Keap1 was also confirmed [5].
• Antiinvasive effect of xanthohumol, a prenylated chalcone present in hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and beer [6].
• To probe the mechanism of the antiinvasive effect of xanthohumol, involvement of the E-cadherin/catenin invasion-suppressor complex was investigated [6].
• The two main oxidation products obtained by SIN-1 and peroxynitrite treatment of xanthohumol (XN), the principal prenylflavonoid of hops, were the aurone, auroxanthohumol (AUXN), and an endoperoxy derivative of XN, named endoperoxyxanthohumol (EPOX) [7].
• In vitro glucuronidation of xanthohumol, a flavonoid in hop and beer, by rat and human liver microsomes [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Xanthohumol

• Chalcones xanthohumol (X) and desmethylxanthohumol (DMX), present in hops (Humulus lupulus L.), and the corresponding flavanones isoxanthohumol (IX, from X), 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN, from DMX), and 6-prenylnaringenin (6-PN, from DMX), have been examined in vitro for their anti-proliferative activity on human prostate cancer cells PC-3 and DU145 [9].

Biological context of Xanthohumol

• After a 4-day treatment, the IC50 for XN, DX and IX were 3.47, 6.87 and 4.69 microM, respectively [10].
• Conversely, xanthohumol incubation inhibited cell viability and apoptosis [2].
• All of the 159 native hop genotypes also contained detectable levels of xanthohumol and xanthogalenol, prenylflavonoids recently reported to have mammalian anti-cancer activity [11].
• Xanthohumol (XA) has recently been documented to have an impact on breast cancer cell growth and invasiveness in vitro [12].

Anatomical context of Xanthohumol

• Results showed that xanthohumol inhibited HIV-1 induced cytopathic effects, the production of viral p24 antigen and reverse transcriptase in C8166 lymphocytes at non-cytotoxic concentration [1].
• Xanthohumol significantly demonstrated (1) saturable efflux, (2) increased uptake of (3)H-digoxin and (3) decreased uptake of (3)H-CSA in the Caco-2 cells [13].
• Xanthohumol, a prenylflavonoid derived from hops induces apoptosis and inhibits NF-kappaB activation in prostate epithelial cells [3].
• The hop chalcones, xanthohumol and dehydrocycloxanthohumol hydrate, also induced QR in the Ah-receptor-defective mutant cell line, Hepa 1c1c7 bp(r)c1 [14].

Associations of Xanthohumol with other chemical compounds

• The female flowers of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) used to flavor beer contain the prenylated flavonoids xanthohumol (XN) and isoxanthohumol (IX) [15].
• Important secondary metabolites, present in hops (Humulus lupulus L.), include alpha-acids and beta-acids, which are essential for the brewing of beer, as well as the prenylated chalcones, desmethylxanthohumol, and xanthohumol, which exhibit interesting bioactive properties [16].
• 6. XN, IX and 8PN, however, were poor inhibitors of CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 as measured by their effect on chorzoxazone hydroxylase and nifedipine oxidase activities respectively [17].
• Extracts of hops and red clover and their individual constituents including 8-PN, 6-prenylnaringenin (6-PN), isoxanthohumol (IX), and xanthohumol (XN) from hops and daidzein, formononetin, biochanin A, and genistein from red clover were compared using a variety of in vitro estrogenic assays [18].
• The transport data suggests that xanthohumol effects transport of CSA in a manner that is distinct from the digoxin efflux pathway and suggests that intestinal transport of these MDR1 substrates is more complex than previously reported [13].
• OMT1, which was the most highly expressed OMT based on EST abundance and RT-PCR analysis, performs the final reaction in xanthohumol biosynthesis by methylating desmethylxanthohumol to form xanthohumol [19].

Gene context of Xanthohumol

• 3. At 10 microM, XN completely eliminated CYP1B1 EROD activity, whereas the other hop flavonoids showed varying degrees of inhibitory action ranging from 99.3 to 1.8% [17].
• We have examined the modulating action of xanthohumol (XN) on the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in vitro and in vivo [20].
• The chalcones, including xanthohumol, significantly inhibited the production of NO by suppressing the expression of iNOS [21].
• Xanthohumol, a novel anti-HIV-1 agent purified from Hops Humulus lupulus [1].
• Lager beer, alcohol-free beer, stout beer, and xanthohumol-rich stout beer (200 microL/mL) significantly decreased aromatase activity [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Xanthohumol

• In this work, we analyzed the influence of xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated chalcone from hops (Humulus lupulus L.), on the I(-) uptake in a cell culture model of normal, nontransformed rat thyrocytes (FRTL-5) [23].

References