Disease relevance of PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE

• The present study was undertaken to characterize the neuropathological changes caused by the penthrite blast and evaluate its role in the loss of consciousness and death in hunted whales [1].
• For 15 weeks, six groups of 9 New Zealand White rabbits received a standard diet, which contained no admixture, pentaerythrityl-tetranitrate (PETN 6 mg/kg body weight/day), or isosorbide-5-mononitrate (ISMN 2 mg/kg body weight/day) [2].

High impact information on PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE

• The unique capability of secondary electrospray ionization (SESI) as a nonradioactive ionization source to detect analytes in both liquid and gaseous samples was evaluated using aqueous solutions of three common military explosives: cyclo-1,3,5-trimethylene-2,4,6-trinitramine (RDX), nitroglycerin (NG) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) [3].
• GTN reductase and PETN reductase were very similar in many respects except in their distinct preferences for NADH and NADPH cofactors, respectively [4].
• Carbocromen (200 microM) and chrysin (50 microM) had no effect, while NAS (1 mM) abolished the increase in nitrine production and iNOS protein abundance in cultured VSMC exposed to interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta, 60 U/ml) or the adenyl cyclase activator forskolin (10 microM) [5].
• In cultured endothelial cells derived from human umbilical vein, the active PETN metabolite PETriN (0.01-1 mM) increased heme oxygenase (HO)-1 mRNA and protein levels in a concentration-dependent fashion [6].
• Increased HO-1 expression and ensuing formation of cytoprotective bilirubin may contribute to and explain the specific antioxidant and antiatherogenic actions of PETN [6].

Biological context of PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE

• Absorption and bioavailability of pentaerithrityl-tetranitrate (PETN, Dilcoran 80) [7].
• Pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN) is a long-acting donor of nitric oxide (NO) and has recently been characterized as an antianginal agent that, in contrast with other nitric acid esters, does not induce oxidative stress and is therefore free of tolerance [8].
• Up to now, there has been no data available on the pharmacokinetics of pentaerythrityl tetranitrate (PETN, CAS 78-11-5) and its metabolites, pentaerythrityl-trinitrate (PE-tri-N), pentaerythrityl-dinitrate (PE-di-N), pentaerythrityl-mononitrate (PE-mono-N) in human plasma [9].

Anatomical context of PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE

• The antioxidant defense protein ferritin is a novel and specific target for pentaerithrityl tetranitrate in endothelial cells [10].
• Using pig kidney epithelial cells (LLC-PK1), the present study assesses the cyclic GMP stimulatory effect of pentaerithrityl tetranitrate and its metabolites in comparison to other therapeutically used nitric oxide donors [11].
• Human spermatozoa pentrate estrous bovine cervical mucus readily in vitro and maintain good motility and viability for a number of hours [12].
• The effect of pentaerithrityl-tetranitrate on parameters of the microcirculation [13].
• Beneficial effect of pentaerythrityl tetranitrate on functional and morphological changes in the rat thoracic aorta evoked by long-term nitric oxide synthase inhibition [14].

Associations of PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE with other chemical compounds

• The organic nitrate pentaerythrityl tetranitrate (PETN) is known to exert long-term antioxidant and antiatherogenic effects by as yet unidentified mechanisms [6].
• We studied the effects of long-term administration of molsidomine and pentaerythrityl tetranitrate (PETN) on the cardiovascular system of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) [15].
• The present study examined whether pentaerythrityl tetranitrate (PETN), a tolerance-devoid exogenous donor of nitric oxide (NO), could attenuate functional and morphological changes in the rat thoracic aorta evoked by 6-week NO synthase inhibition by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) [14].

Gene context of PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE

• Mitochondrial oxidative stress and nitrate tolerance - comparison of nitroglycerin and pentaerithrityl tetranitrate in Mn-SOD+/- mice [16].
• Two preparations containing 100 mg pentaerithyrityl tetranitrate (PETN, CAS 78-11-5) each were administered to 24 healthy male volunteers in an open randomised two-way cross-over design [17].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE

• HPLC in combination with chemoluminescence-N-detection (CLND) is very useful for the analysis of pentaerythrityl tetranitrate (PETN) and its possible biological and chemical degradation products pentaerythrityl trinitrate (PETriN), pentaerythrityl dinitrate (PEDiN) and pentaerythrityl mononitrate (PEMonoN) [18].
• Quantitative determination of pentaerythrityl tetranitrate and its metabolites in human plasma by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [9].

References