Disease relevance of Microcirculation

• The results provide strong support for the hypothesis that a considerable part of the effects on microcirculation in hypercholesterolemia may be due to cholesterol-induced oxidations and not to cholesterol itself [1].
• CONCLUSIONS: Study results suggest that L-arginine improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation of coronary microcirculation in patients with microvascular angina pectoris [2].
• Anginal chest pain in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries may be caused by a limited coronary flow response to stress because of abnormal function of the coronary microcirculation (microvascular angina) [3].
• The resultant leukocyte and platelet adhesion to the endothelium may then physically impede the sinusoidal microcirculation, resulting in microscopic areas of hepatic ischemia and explaining the mechanism of IL-2-induced hepatic dysfunction [4].
• In contrast to in vivo studies, L-arginine cannot minimize hypoxia by improving the microcirculation under these special conditions, but rather can only increase oxygen delivery upon reflow [5].

Psychiatry related information on Microcirculation

• Non-hormonal therapy includes improvement of testicular microcirculation by oxpentifylline, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents, drugs to improve or allow emission and ejaculation, and psychotropic and antispasmodic drugs to diminish functional disturbances induced by emotional stress [6].
• The objective of this study was to examine PKC in the cerebral microcirculation in aging and Alzheimer's disease [7].
• In conclusion, higher levels of free-living daily physical activity were associated with better microcirculation of the calf musculature in older PAOD patients with intermittent claudication [8].

High impact information on Microcirculation

• The effect of nitroglycerin on oxygen (O2) release in the microcirculation was investigated by examining single, unbranched hepatic sinusoids of rats using dual-spot microspectroscopy [9].
• Norepinephrine and histamine may be endogenous regulators of the cerebral microcirculation at the observed receptors [10].
• P-selectin plays no detectable role in Th1 or Th2 cell trafficking in liver microcirculation [11].
• We found that transgenic mice overexpressing APP have a profound and selective impairment in endothelium-dependent regulation of the neocortical microcirculation [12].
• Therefore, protein C activation has been believed to occur only in microcirculation [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Microcirculation

• Morphologic alterations in the gastric microcirculation in cirrhosis were investigated following infusion of a silicone rubber compound into vessels of the excised stomach which was then cleared with methyl salicylate [14].
• The effect of hematoporphyrin derivative photoradiation on tumor and normal tissue microcirculation was studied microscopically in vivo on rats with mammary carcinomas transplanted into subcutis in transparent observation chambers [15].
• Morphological changes of hepatic microcirculation, especially peribiliary plexus, in experimental rat cirrhosis that resulted from the repeated intraperitoneal injections of N-diethylnitrosamine, 100 mg/kg body weight/one shot/week, were examined by scanning electron microscope [16].
• The combination of SU5416 and low-dose endostatin further reduced tumor growth versus monotherapy in human prostate (PC3), lung (A459), and glioma (U87) xenograft models, and reduced functional microvessel density, tumor microcirculation, and blood perfusion as detected by intravital microscopy and contrast-enhanced Doppler ultrasound [17].
• Coronary microcirculation dysfunction may be associated with myocardial perfusion defects on thallium imaging in diabetic patients without coronary artery stenosis [18].

Biological context of Microcirculation

• Inhalation of 40% oxygen induces a vasoconstriction in the skin microcirculation of toes of the normal subjects and patients with moderate PAOD but induces an increase of the skin microcirculation in patients with severe PAOD [19].
• Inhalation of oxygen induced a significant decrease of both the total (delta LDF, -307%, p less than 0.02) and nutritional (delta CBV, -17%, p less 0.002) skin microcirculation in normal legs compared with baseline values [19].
• CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that VEGF protein and its flk-1 receptor gene expressions are selectively increased and the potent VEGF-induced vascular responses are enhanced in the coronary microcirculation after blood cardioplegia [20].
• Platelet aggregation at shear stresses of 90 to 180 dyne/cm2 (similar to those in the partially occluded microcirculation) imposed for 30 seconds was excessive using the citrated platelet-rich plasma of both patients, and was associated with the presence of unusually large vWF forms in patient platelet-poor plasma [21].
• The purpose of this study was to examine whether neutral endopeptidase and angiotensin I-converting enzyme, two membrane-bound metalloenzymes that are widely distributed in the microcirculation, play a role in bradykinin-induced increase in vascular permeability in the hamster cheek pouch [22].

Anatomical context of Microcirculation

• Leukocyte rolling and adhesion were investigated while monitoring venular wall shear rates in the mesenteric microcirculation stimulated with histamine or tert-butyl hydroperoxide in the two strains [23].
• CONCLUSIONS: Cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant production after ischemia-reperfusion in the liver is mediated by neutrophil elastase and activation of coagulation within the hepatic microcirculation [24].
• On the basis of previous studies in our laboratory, we have proposed that ethanol-induced alterations in the mucosal microcirculation, particularly vascular stasis, may be responsible for the genesis of the mucosal morphologic lesions and enhanced fluid secretion observed during acute perfusion of the jejunum with ethanol [25].
• The inhibition of histamine-induced acid secretion was accompanied by a parallel reduction in the mucosal blood flow, but no significant alteration in the ratio (R) value, indicating that omeprazole primarily affected gastric acid secretion but did not limit gastric mucosal microcirculation [26].
• CONCLUSIONS: ET-1 induces leukocyte rolling and adherence through a predominantly ETA receptor-mediated mechanism in the submucosal venules of the intestinal microcirculation [27].

Associations of Microcirculation with chemical compounds

• Elevation of oxygen release by nitroglycerin without an increase in blood flow in the hepatic microcirculation [9].
• Neurogenic control of the cerebral microcirculation: is dopamine minding the store [28]?
• Microcirculation was studied during 10 wk in untreated rabbits (n = 13) and in rabbits treated with dietary addition of 1% cholesterol (n = 13), 1% cholesterol + 1% of the antioxidant BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) (n = 11), or 1% BHT (n = 5) [1].
• All the above changes in the microcirculation were markedly reduced by the addition of BHT treatment [1].
• Role of the microcirculation in ethanol-induced mucosal injury in the dog [29].

Gene context of Microcirculation

• CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that blockade of endothelin A receptors disturbs hepatic microcirculation and oxygen transport and aggravates the necrotic injury induced by endotoxin [30].
• CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that endogenous endothelin of CAD patients contributes to the regulation of vascular tone in the skin microcirculation not only through ETA receptors but also possibly through ETB receptors [31].
• TNF-alpha blockade down-regulates the CD40/CD40L pathway in the mucosal microcirculation: a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism of infliximab in Crohn's disease [32].
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is a rare disorder of small vessels that is associated with deficiency of the von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease ADAMTS13, which favors platelet adhesion and aggregation in the microcirculation [33].
• Leukocyte recruitment in cremaster microcirculation was visualized by intravital microscopy, either in ovalbumin sensitized and challenged animals, or in response to TNF-alpha [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Microcirculation

• Micropuncture measurements revealed substantial differences within the cortical microcirculation of the same left kidney: SNGFR was some 35% lower in glomeruli exposed to endothelin compared with non-endothelin-perfused glomeruli (P less than 0.005) [35].
• Laser Doppler imaging and microsphere analyses demonstrate that IL-6 treatment markedly improves hepatic microcirculation, which is impaired in steatotic Zucker rat liver transplants [36].
• The ability of these cells to interact and firmly adhere to endothelium in mdx muscles microcirculation was demonstrated by intravital microscopy after an intraarterial injection [37].
• To determine the site of constriction or dilation to serotonin and vasopressin in the coronary microcirculation, we studied microvascular responses in the left ventricle of anesthetized cats (n = 36) [38].
• After acute ethanol ingestion in C57Bl/6 mice, phagocytic activity of Kupffer cells and hepatic microcirculation were examined by in vivo and electron microscopy [39].

References