Disease relevance of DRD1

• RESULTS: Results of chi-square statistical analyses indicated that the allele distribution for migraine cases compared to controls was not significantly different for any of the three tested gene markers (chi2 = 0.1, P =.74 for DRD1; chi2 = 1.8, P =.18 for DRD3; and chi2 = 20.3, P =.08 for DRD5) [1].
• Ethnic origin determines the impact of genetic variants in dopamine receptor gene (DRD1) concerning essential hypertension [2].
• We report here the effect of maternal age and the age of the mother at the birth of her first child (maternal age 1st) as epistatic factors for the interaction of the dopamine D1 gene (DRD1) with obsessive-compulsive behaviors and with stuttering [3].
• RESULTS: The polymorphisms of the dopamine receptor D1 gene were not associated with the risk of developing PD or peak-dose dyskinesias [4].

Psychiatry related information on DRD1

• In Alzheimer disease, hallucinations and psychosis have been linked to increased representations of B2/B2 homozyogotes for the dopamine receptor gene DRD1 and 1/1 or 2/2 homozygotes for DRD3 [5].
• The present study discovered no DRD1 coding region mutations in any of the Tourette's syndrome or alcohol dependent patients [6].
• Linkage of bipolar disorder and recurrent depression to DRD1 and DRD2 was tested using a series of genetic models with varying penetrance levels [7].
• In all three groups there was a significant in the frequency of homozygosity for the DRD1 Dde I 1 or 2 alleles in subjects with addictive behaviors [8].
• In terms of clinical response, the DRD1 2,2 genotype significantly improved with clozapine treatment, demonstrating a 30% decrease in the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale positive symptoms in contrast to a 7% worsening for the 1,2 genotype (P < 0.05) [9].

High impact information on DRD1

• Recently we reported the cloning of a human D1 dopamine receptor gene (DRD1) [10].
• 1. A search for RFLPs associated with DRD1 identified a two-allele EcoRI RFLP, allowing confirmation of DRD1's localization by linkage analysis in Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain families [10].
• Fluorescent in situ hybridization of this gene to human metaphase chromosomes refined the location of DRD1 to 5q35 [10].
• When used to probe a Southern blot made with DNAs from a rodent-human somatic cell hybrid panel, DRD1 hybridized to a 6.5-kb EcoRI restriction fragment which was assigned to chromosome 5 [10].

Biological context of DRD1

• CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variation in DRD1 and DRD3 genes may act to modify the course of AD, predisposing to the development of psychotic or aggressive symptoms [11].
• RESULTS: Among white patients, psychosis and aggression were both significantly more frequent in DRD1 B2/B2 homozygotes (P < .02), while psychosis was significantly more frequent in DRD3 1/1 or 2/2 homozygotes (P < .05) [11].
• No behavioral, cognitive, or brain MRI volume measurement significantly differed across NET1 or DRD1 genotypes at an alpha of 0.01 [12].
• To search for such a variant we screened the DRD1 coding region, by sequencing, focusing on the children who showed preferential transmission of Haplotype 3 [13].
• We identified a cosmid clone with exact sequence homology to part of the human dopamine D5 receptor gene (DRD5) after screening a cosmid library with the human DRD1 gene [14].

Associations of DRD1 with chemical compounds

• Two of these dopamine receptors (DRD1 and DRD5) are encoded by intronless genes [15].
• The results for both the DRD1 and DRD2 genes, which have opposing effects on cyclic AMP, were consistent with negative and positive heterosis, respectively [8].
• The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association of DRD1 A-48G polymorphism with methamphetamine (MAP) abusers and MAP-induced psychosis patients [16].
• Our preliminary analysis demonstrated that the 14-3-3 epsilon gene, which mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins is not associated with suicide attempt in schizophrenia, however the BspI polymorphism in DRD1 gene showed a slight association with suicide attempt in the bipolar sample [17].
• The effects of the dopamine receptor D1 partial agonist, SKF 38393, on behavior maintained by cocaine was assessed in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) [18].

Physical interactions of DRD1

• A significant association was observed between a DRD2 allele and AFSI and an even stronger association when the DRD2 allele was interacted with a DRD1 allele [19].

Other interactions of DRD1

• DRD1 is primarily implicated through mouse models of ADHD [12].
• Apomorphine-induced growth hormone release did not differ significantly in alcoholics with different genotypes of the DRD1 and DRD2 RFLPs [20].
• A polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the A/G polymorphism of the DRD1 gene [21].
• Therefore, we investigated whether the A-48G polymorphism of the DRD1 gene and the T393C polymorphism of the Gs protein alpha subunit (GNAS) gene influenced BP levels at rest and in response to stress [22].
• However, no correlation was observed between DRD1/DRD2 expression and DARPP-32 expression (P = 0.4555 and 0.4774, respectively) [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of DRD1

• Our study tested the hypothesis of whether the sensitivity of central dopamine receptors corresponds to the genotypic constitution of DNA-polymorphisms of the dopamine D1 and D2 receptor (DRD1, DRD2) genes and is associated with poor treatment outcome [20].
• The dopamine receptor type 1 (DRD1) has been implicated in the development of hypertension in humans as well as in animal models of spontaneous hypertension [2].

References