Disease relevance of Stuttering

• Stilboestrol and stuttering priapism in homozygous sickle-cell disease [1].
• The viral polymerase of influenza virus, a negative-strand RNA virus, is believed to polyadenylate the mRNAs by stuttering at a stretch of five to seven uridine residues which are located close to the 5' ends of the viral RNA templates [2].
• The effects of dopamine on developmental stuttering was studied in a 44 year old man with developmental stuttering and Parkinson's disease during three levodopa "on" periods and three "off" periods [3].
• Best-estimate diagnoses were assigned for GTS, ADD, learning problems, speech disorders, and stuttering [4].
• We performed a clinical and neurophysiological study in a multigenerational family with the association of idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) with ictal stuttering as a manifestation of reflex language-induced epilepsy [5].

Psychiatry related information on Stuttering

• METHODS: A seventeen-year-old male case of Tourette syndrome with comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, stuttering and gait disturbance, who had negative family history is presented [6].
• The behavior variables showing the significant associations were, in order attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), stuttering oppositional defiant, tics, conduct, obsessive-compulsive, mania, alcohol abuse and general anxiety-behaviors that constitute the most overt clinical aspects of TS [7].
• During a seven-month period, we examined two patients who developed Broca's aphasia, apraxia of speech, oral-buccal-facial apraxia and neurogenic stuttering after intrathecal metrizamide administration [8].

High impact information on Stuttering

• Betaxolol and stuttering [9].
• Bethanecol chloride in treatment of stuttering [10].
• A stuttering or slippage model to account for these events has been further refined to include a pressure which displaces the nascent strand in a given direction once it has disengaged from the template, and the similarities of this model to those which account for readthrough of cellular RNA polymerase transcription blocks are discussed [11].
• The G insertions always occur within a short run of Gs, and a stuttering mechanism for the insertions has been suggested in which the viral polymerase reiteratively copies a template C residue during mRNA synthesis [12].
• Stuttering caused by gabapentin [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Stuttering

• Apparently, RpoB3449 has increased its efficiency in incorporating CTP at the +5 position of the galP2 transcript leading to its reduced stuttering synthesis, indicating that the rate of an RNAP incorporating the CTP after a stretch of uridine residues is important for promoter clearance at galP2 [14].
• The effect of haloperidol on stuttering [15].
• Lack of effect of clonidine on stuttering in children [16].
• Propranolol and stuttering [17].
• Treatment of stuttering with phenelzine [18].

Biological context of Stuttering

• If the heterogeneous termini in the E2 promoter region were generated by a process of transcription initiation, their existence cannot be explained by stuttering of RNA polymerase II [19].
• Neuropharmacology of theophylline induced stuttering: the role of dopamine, adenosine and GABA [20].
• A case report is presented where homosexuality apparently "spontaneously remitted" and heterosexuality was instated while the patient underwent treatment for stuttering [21].

Anatomical context of Stuttering

• Influence of some psychopharmaca on the increase of the amplitude of electrically induced monosynaptic spinal cord reflex during the paroxysm of stuttering. II. Effect of chlorpromazine [22].
• The main dysfunction is thought to be an impairment in the ability of the basal ganglia to produce timing cues for the initiation of the next motor segment of speech, explaining the association of acquired and re-emergent stuttering with diseases such as dystonia and Parkinson's disease [23].

Gene context of Stuttering

• Paramyxoviruses that are governed by this hexamer rule also edit their P gene mRNA during its synthesis, by G insertions, via a controlled form of viral RNA polymerase "stuttering" (pseudo-templated transcription) [24].
• Adult-onset re-emergent stuttering as a presentation of Parkinson's disease [23].
• Ad2 E4 major mRNA species appear to be unique since mRNA molecules initiate at a pyrimidine, perhaps by RNA polymerase stuttering, or they are products of an unusual type of RNA processing [25].
• The enlargement is based on an insertion of 365 nts in the IGR that may have resulted from stuttering of the viral polymerase or non-homologous recombination [26].
• Adult-onset stuttering treated with anticonvulsants [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Stuttering

• Positron emission tomography using [18F]deoxyglucose (FDG) as a marker of regional brain metabolism was used to investigate the neural substrate of stuttering [28].
• Aphasia, apraxia and neurogenic stuttering as complications of metrizamide myelography (speech deficits following myelography) [8].
• Haloperidol and risperidone are the only two medications that have shown efficacy via double-blind studies in controlling stuttering symptoms [29].

References