Disease relevance of Saimiri

• An oncornavirus isolated from a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) lung culture has a density of 1.16 to 1.17 grams per milliliter, contains 70S RNA, and has an RNA-directed DNA polymerase that prefers Mg2+ over Mn2+ in an assay in which polyribocytidylate - oligodeoxyguanylate (12-18) is used as a synthetic template [1].
• HIV-1 did not detectably bind or utilize squirrel monkey CD4 for entry, and marmoset CD4 was also very inefficient compared with human CD4 [2].
• Metabolism of lithocholic acid (LCA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) was studied in the squirrel monkey to clarify the mechanism of the lack of toxicity of CDCA in this animal [3].
• Radioactive LCA was administered to squirrel monkeys with biliary fistula [3].
• The crystal forms found by microscopy are the same as those seen in human gallstones and in squirrel monkey cholesterol microliths [4].

Psychiatry related information on Saimiri

• In the present experiments, the effects of 1-NP alone and in combination with a variety of 5-HT agonists, were studied in squirrel monkeys performing under a number of reinforcement schedules [5].
• d-Amphetamine in squirrel monkeys of different social status: effects on social and agonistic behavior, locomotion, and stereotypies [6].
• OBJECTIVE: This study compares Long-Evans rats and squirrel monkeys to examine the hypothesis that low doses of the 5-HT(1A) selective agonists, 8-OH-DPAT and alnespirone, will preferentially increase, and at higher doses decrease alcohol drinking, and whether these effects can be antagonized by WAY 100635 [7].
• Prior to treatment, pairs of male squirrel monkeys established reliable and persistent dominance relationships measured as different patterns of social behavior and plasma levels of testosterone [8].
• The synthetic muramyl dipeptide, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), is reported to increase slow-wave sleep and body temperature in cats, rabbits, and squirrel monkeys [9].

High impact information on Saimiri

• Treatment of squirrel monkeys with pargyline, a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, prevents both clinical and neuropathological evidence of the neurotoxic effects of MPTP [10].
• Stereoisomers of N-allylnormetazocine: phencyclidine-like behavioral effects in squirrel monkeys and rats [11].
• Among 43 squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) raised either on naturally tough or on artificially soft foods, there are significant differences in occlusal features [12].
• Squirrel monkeys self-administered cocaine by pressing a lever while under a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement [13].
• This study shows that the viral cyclin of H. saimiri strain C488 is not required for viral replication, T cell transformation, and pathogenicity in New World primates [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Saimiri

• However, in the squirrel monkey, in acute studies the metabolic alterations were significantly less with pentobarbital, and in chronic studies the frequency and magnitude of functional deficits and cerebral infarction were significantly less [15].
• Reduce nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) fluorescence was recorded from an avascular area on the squirrel monkey cortex prior to, during, and after focal incomplete ischemia [16].
• Comparative toxicity of netilmicin and gentamicin in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) [17].
• Although 20 and its oxygen linkage analog 2 (flosulide) are equipotent in the in vitro assays, compound 20 is more potent in the rat paw edema assay, has a longer t1/2 in squirrel monkeys, and seems less ulcergenic than 2 in rats [18].
• The dose of orally administered 9-deazainosine calculated to suppress 50% of Leishmania donovani amastigotes in hamster livers was 19 mg/kg (body weight) per day; 96 to 99% of Leishmania organisms were eliminated from the liver and spleen of squirrel monkeys by 50 mg/kg per day [19].

Biological context of Saimiri

• Influence of protein C activation on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in squirrel monkeys [20].
• In this report we describe the purification and amino acid sequences of squirrel monkey insulin and glucagon [21].
• We have compared the DNA sequences of nine mammalian genes for cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (COX4 genes)--four expressed genes (human, bovine, rat, and mouse) and five pseudogenes (human, chimpanzee, orangutan, squirrel monkey, and bovine)--and constructed the sequence of the ancestral mammalian COX4 gene [22].
• Directed mutagenesis allowed us to convert the squirrel-monkey response to that of the other functional 912-93 ORs by substituting three amino acids in the second extracellular loop [23].
• This fact is pertinent to a recent study reporting that ocular dominance columns are absent in normal squirrel monkeys, but induced to form by strabismus (Livingstone, 1996) [24].

Anatomical context of Saimiri

• When labeled CDCA was orally administered to squirrel monkeys, less than 20% of the dosed radioactivity was recovered as LCA and its further metabolites in feces over 3 days, indicating that bacterial metabolism of CDCA into LCA is strikingly less than in other animals and in humans [3].
• Antisera directed against human dopamine beta-hydroxylase or serotonin were used to characterize the noradrenergic and serotonergic innervation patterns within the primary visual cortex of the squirrel monkey [25].
• Six squirrel monkeys received ibotenic acid-induced lesions targeted to the basal nucleus of Meynert (BNM) [26].
• This model is based primarily on the evidence that in a diurnal primate, the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus), ablation of the master circadian clock (the suprachiasmatic nucleus; SCN) induces a significant expansion of total daily sleep duration and a reduction in sleep latency in the dark [27].
• Established H. saimiri tumor cell lines had the phenotype OKT11 a-positive, anti-HLA-DR-positive, B1-negative and were either anti-Leu 3a-positive or negative [28].

Associations of Saimiri with chemical compounds

• The pure stereoisomers of this compound, as well as the racemic mixture, were compared to phencyclidine for their behavioral effects on squirrel monkeys and rats trained to discriminate phencyclidine from saline [11].
• It therefore appears that LCA, known as a hepatotoxic secondary bile acid, is not accumulated in the squirrel monkey, not because of its rapid turnover through sulfation, but because of the low order of its production [3].
• Squirrel monkeys received dexfenfluramine subcutaneously twice daily for four days at doses of 1.25 or 5.00 mg/kg [29].
• We report here observations on [3H]mazindol monoamine (principally dopamine) uptake-site binding in the striatum of monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) exposed to low doses of MPTP [30].
• It was reported two decades ago that insulin was not detectable in the glucose-stimulated state in Saimiri sciurea, the New World squirrel monkey, by a radioimmunoassay system developed with guinea pig anti-pork insulin antibody and labeled pork insulin [21].

Gene context of Saimiri

• For example, although the GH of the squirrel monkey has the His --> Asp substitution at position 171, residue 43 of its GHR is a Leu, the nonprimate residue [31].
• Mutations that abrogate the PPIase activity of squirrel monkey FKBP51 had no effect on GR inhibitory activity [32].
• Expression of FKBP51 from squirrel monkey, a New World primate with naturally occurring progestin resistance, increased the EC(50) more dramatically (11.7-fold vs. control) [33].
• Immunohistochemical detection of apolipoprotein E within prion-associated lesions in squirrel monkey brains [34].
• The squirrel monkey and cotton-top marmoset CXCR4 sequences more closely resemble homologues from apes than Old World monkeys, a pattern not seen for the related chemokine receptor CCR5 [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Saimiri

• The mRNA levels encoding for the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67) were measured by computerized image analysis after in situ hybridization histochemistry and radioautography in the striatum and pallidum of normal squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), or after treatment with the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) [36].
• Corticotropin-releasing factor in olivocerebellar climbing-fiber system of monkey (Saimiri sciureus and Macaca fascicularis): parasagittal and regional organization visualized by immunohistochemistry [37].
• Structure and function of the hepatic form of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the squirrel monkey, an animal model of glucocorticoid resistance [38].
• Dopamine agonist-induced inhibition of neurotransmitter release from the awake squirrel monkey putamen as measured by microdialysis [39].
• Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) activity was examined in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET) using 6-[18F]fluoro-L-DOPA (FDOPA) in squirrel monkeys lesioned with graded doses of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) [40].

References