High impact information on reductase

• Purified hemoglobin contained tightly bound squalene and functioned as an NADPH-dependent, ferrihemoprotein reductase [1].
• The activity of mutant mitochondria, however, is only very slightly impaired, as measured in vivo by a dye-uptake assay, and in vitro by the activity of succinate cytochrome c reductase [2].
• Incubations of A. suum submitochondrial particles with NADH, 2-methylcrotonyl-CoA, purified A. suum electron-transfer flavoprotein and 2-methyl branched-chain enoyl-CoA reductase resulted in significant 2-methylbutyryl-CoA formation, which was inhibited by both rotenone and antisera to the purified ETF-RO [3].
• An affinity-purified polyclonal anti-serum against the reductase was used to screen a cDNA library constructed in lambda gt11 with poly(A)+ RNA from adult A. suum muscle [4].
• Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the purified reductase yielded multiple spots with two distinct but overlapping amino-terminal amino acid sequences [4].

Biological context of reductase

• Several azasteroids and long-chain dimethylalkylamines inhibited growth and development of C. elegans and also the delta 24-sterol reductase enzyme system involved in the nematode C-24 dealkylation pathway [5].
• Interestingly, the activity levels of NADH-cytochrome c reductase and succinate-cytochrome c reductase in mutant mitochondria are very similar to those in the wild-type, suggesting that DMQ(9) can function as an electron carrier in the respiratory chain [6].
• The NADH-fumarate reductase system in mitochondria form a final step in the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)-succinate pathway, which plays an important role in anaerobic energy metabolism for the Ascaris suum adult [7].
• The availability of the human genome enabled us to delineate the large family of short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) members [8].
• This gene produces a non-trans-spliced mRNA encoding a ubiquinol binding protein, UbCRBP, that is a component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase complex [9].

Anatomical context of reductase

• Characterization of cDNA clones for the 2-methyl branched-chain enoyl-CoA reductase. An enzyme involved in branched-chain fatty acid synthesis in anaerobic mitochondria of the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum [4].
• About 20% of the sulphoxidation activity was not associated with microsomes and was not inhibited by CO; about 50% of the reductase activity was found in the microsomes [10].
• These compounds were tested as specific inhibitors of the NADH: ubiquinone (UBQ) reductase activity of NADH dehydrogenase in mitochondrial membranes [11].

Associations of reductase with chemical compounds

• Effects on the metabolism of campesterol and stigmasterol in Caenorhabditis elegans were investigated using N,N-dimethyldodecanamine, a known inhibitor of growth, reproduction and the delta 24-sterol reductase of this nematode [12].
• Thus 25-azacoprostane hydrochloride inhibited both a delta 24-sterol reductase and a delta 7-sterol isomerase in C. elegans [13].
• 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7--an ancient 3-ketosteroid reductase of cholesterogenesis [14].
• Our results lead to the conclusion that 17beta-HSD7 is not only involved in estradiol production but plays another (and possibly more important) role as a 3-ketosteroid reductase in cholesterogenesis [14].
• The use of inhibitors in ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase assays with larval microsomes indicated that the peroxygenase pathway does not proceed via ferrous cytochrome P450 (no inhibition by carbon monoxide), did not require molecular oxygen, and did not depend on electron flow from cytochrome P450 reductase [15].

Other interactions of reductase

• The stress-related gene, SAM-22, phospholipase D and 12-oxophytodienoate reductase were also induced at the early time-points [16].
• Thioredoxin (TRX) is generally a 12-kDa protein-disulfide reductase [17].
• Loss of emb-8, a previously uncharacterized polarity gene, causes mislocalization of PAR-3 and PAR-2 that molecularly mark the anterior and posterior cortices. emb-8 encodes NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, a protein supplying electrons to cytochrome P450-family enzymes, some of which catalyze fatty acid modifications [18].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of reductase

• Immunoblotting of A. suum larval stages and adult tissues with antisera that cross-reacted with each of the spots separated on two-dimensional gels suggested that the reductase was only found in adult muscle [4].
• Enzymes in this system, such as NADH-rhodoquinone reductase (complex I) and rhodoquinol-fumarate reductase (complex II), form promising targets for chemotherapy [7].

References