Disease relevance of Dpysl3

• Identification and characterization of a retinoic acid-regulated human homologue of the unc-33-like phosphoprotein gene (hUlip) from neuroblastoma cells [1].
• The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility of neuronal remodeling and repair after cold injury-induced brain edema using immunoassays of nestin, 3CB2, and TUC-4 [2].

High impact information on Dpysl3

• Several key molecular regulators of emotional learning were diminished in the brains of neuroD2 heterozygotes including Ulip1, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor, and GABA(A) receptor [3].
• However, the growth cone collapse-inducing protein Sema3A increases Cdk5 activity and promotes phosphorylation of CRMP2 (but not CRMP4) [4].
• Nestin was expressed in GFAP- or 3CB2-positive astrocytes at 1 month after injury, and nestin expression with TUC-4 (immature neuron marker) was present in the hippocampal cell layer [5].
• No differences between genotypes were observed in TUC-4 staining, indicating no effect of trkB overexpression to immature neuron numbers [6].
• Approximately 60% of the cells labeled by BrdU between Days 7 and 10 after infection that remained present 28 days later had migrated into deeper layers of the dentate gyrus and differentiated into neurons, as evidenced by immunohistochemical staining for TUC-4, MAP-2 and beta-tubulin [7].

Biological context of Dpysl3

• Further studies, including the generation of cell lines and of animals with modified/disrupted CRMP/ULIP gene expression, are necessary to explore the functions of this protein [8].
• The expression level and phosphorylation pattern of Ulip1 were shown to be strongly regulated during development and neuronal differentiation [9].
• Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs also known as TUC, Drp, Ulip, TOAD-64) are cytosolic phosphoproteins that are involved in signal transduction during axon growth and in cytoskeletal dynamics [10].
• Post-meiotic expression of the mouse dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 3 (DRP-3) gene during spermiogenesis [11].

Anatomical context of Dpysl3

• The involvement of CRMP/ULIP members in neuronal differentiation, growth cone motility and axonal collapse has been suggested [8].
• In addition, the DRP-3 gene is expressed in testis as a shorter mRNA than the brain form [11].
• Furthermore, sucrose density gradient centrifugation after solubilization of brain membranes with Triton X-100 revealed that CRMP-1, -3, -5, and to a lower extent CRMP-4 are associated with a detergent-resistant fraction with low buoyant density, but CRMP-2 was not detectable in this fraction [12].

Associations of Dpysl3 with chemical compounds

• BrdU-positive cells were immunolabeled for nestin and TUC4, a marker for early postmitotic neurons [13].
• Extraction of neuron cultures with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin to deplete cholesterol caused rapid redistribution of the punctate CRMP-4 staining into larger patches and abundant growth cone collapse [12].

Other interactions of Dpysl3

• Nestin- and TUC4-positive cells were also found in the OB of young and aged humans [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Dpysl3

• Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses indicated that CRMP5 is expressed throughout the nervous system similarly to the other members (especially CRMP1 and CRMP4) with the expression peak in the first postnatal week [14].
• Northern blotting analysis detected DRP-3 mRNA in 30-, 40- and 70-day-old, but not in 10- and 20-day-old testes [11].

References