Disease relevance of Bromodeoxyuridine

• Either male worms or spermless hermaphrodites were grown on bromodeoxyuridine-containing E. coli in order to label germ-line DNA [1].
• We demonstrate here that cellular DNA replication sites identified by bromodeoxyuridine labeling are relocated in cells infected with herpes simplex virus such that they correspond to viral prereplicative structures containing the HSV DNA replication protein, ICP8 [2].
• Induction of prolactin synthesis in rat pituitary tumor cells by 5-bromodeoxyuridine [3].
• Tumour cell proliferation, as measured by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and immunohistochemical staining proliferating cell nuclear antigen, was not significantly different in dormant and growing metastases [4].
• These results demonstrate the presence of a protein that is secreted from bromodeoxyuridine-substituted Raji cells and is capable of inducing nonbromodeoxyuridine-substituted cells to form lupus inclusions [5].

Psychiatry related information on Bromodeoxyuridine

• T-cell proliferation was studied by ex vivo bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and intracellular Ki67 staining in HIV-infected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) with or without IL-2 [6].
• In vivo bromodeoxyuridine incorporation experiments demonstrated that chronic alcohol consumption decreases naïve T cells that are presumed to have emigrated from the thymus and increases proliferation of memory T cells, but accelerates peripheral T cell turnover [7].
• These results indicate that DNA/bromodeoxyuridine bivariate analysis can be used as an effective adjunct to histological examination for prognostication and decision-making in treatment of bladder cancer patients [8].
• Further, we used measures of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into NAcc cells to examine whether DEX-induced effects on cell proliferation represent another mechanism through which glucocorticoids alter the structure of mesolimbic pathways and might influence addictive behavior [9].
• Accordingly, rats were sleep-deprived by gentle handling for 12h during their physiological period of rest, and were injected with bromodeoxyuridine 4h and 2h before the end of sleep deprivation [10].

High impact information on Bromodeoxyuridine

• XOptx2 stimulates bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, and XOptx2-induced eye enlargement is dependent on cellular proliferation [11].
• Myogenin is absent in undifferentiated cells, peaks, and then declines following a stimulus to differentiate, and is overexpressed in myoblasts selected with 5-bromodeoxyuridine for the overproduction of factors that regulate the decision to differentiate [12].
• They were characterized as murine autonomously replicating sequences by Mbol restriction endonuclease sensitivity, by bromodeoxyuridine substitution, by copy number determination, and by segregation analysis [13].
• This original gamete DNA could be detected during embryonic development by using a fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibody specific to bromodeoxyuridine [1].
• Analysis of 5-bromodeoxyuridine-labeled heavy/light CCC DNA shows that the relaxed circular DNA synthesized in the cytoplasm by reverse transcription is the predominant precursor to the amplified pool of nuclear viral CCC DNA [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Bromodeoxyuridine

• Raji cells, a human B lymphoblastoid cell line of Burkitt lymphoma origin, formed lupus inclusions when grown in a medium conditioned by the growth of Raji cells whose DNA thymidine residues had been unifilarly (single-strandedly) substituted with bromodeoxyuridine [5].
• We examined the effects of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the turnover of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes in 17 HIV-infected patients by 30 min in vivo pulse labeling with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) [15].
• Cells of two teratocarcinoma stem cell lines (PCC4 azaguanine [aza] 1 and F9 5-bromodeoxyuridine [BrdU]) were fused with normal mouse spleen cells and mouse thymoma-derived cells (BW 5147), respectively [16].
• By a recently developed technique using 33258 Hoechst and 5-bromodeoxyuridine, it was observed that the baseline frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from four males with Fanconi's anemia differed little from that of normal lymphocytes [17].
• This paper describes the use of the bromodeoxyuridine/propidium iodide method to assess the effects of bioactive and cytotoxic agents on the kinetic characteristics of acute myelogenous leukemia cells [18].

Biological context of Bromodeoxyuridine

• Incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine for one complete S phase and staining with the Hoechst 33258 fluorescence plus Giemsa technique reveals complex asymmetries within the additional segments [19].
• Ultraviolet irradiation of the membrane-attached chromosomes causes the formation of a stable complex between two inner membrane proteins (molecular weight 80,000 and 56,000 daltons) and 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-substituted DNA [20].
• The differential staining of sister chromatids in cells dividing for different numbers of times in the presence of bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) can be used to study cell kinetics [21].
• Inhibition of myogenesis in a rat myoblast line by 5-bromodeoxyuridine [22].
• Effect of bromodeoxyuridine on redundancy of ribosomal RNA cistrons of Drosophila virilis [23].

Anatomical context of Bromodeoxyuridine

• Differences in the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine by human lymphoblastoid cell lines [24].
• Using synchronized cultures of V79-8 Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts, we either alternately labeled early- and late-replicating DNA, or substituted one of these with bromodeoxyuridine to separate them in CsCl density gradients or to identify the bromodeoxyuridine-containing chromosome bands by fluorescence microscopy [25].
• If 3T3-L1 cells incorporate bromodeoxyuridine during growth, triglyceride synthesis does not increase when the cells reach a stationary state, and triglycerides do not accumulate [26].
• Using immunofluorescent labeling for BrdU and for one of the neuronal markers, NeuN, calbindin or neuron specific enolase (NSE), we demonstrate that new neurons, as defined by these markers, are generated from dividing progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of adult humans [27].
• We also documented by magnetic resonance imaging the progressive disappearance of large tumors, and detected 5-bromodeoxyuridine-labeled progenitor cells several weeks after the injection [28].

Associations of Bromodeoxyuridine with other chemical compounds

• Previous work with Chinese hamster cells suggests that thymidine kinase deficiency and loss of potential for plating in HAT medium may arise by a process of mutation coupled with site-specific repression by bromodeoxyuridine at the tk locus [29].
• However, despite their insensitivity to estradiol or antiestrogen, PRs are not constitutively synthesized; 5-bromodeoxyuridine and sodium butyrate can selectively inhibit PR production [30].
• In P-CDS-treated rats, bromodeoxyuridine labeling studies revealed fewer labeled smooth muscle cells in the intima at 14 d (P=0.01), while staining with Evans blue revealed enhanced late endothelial cell regrowth [31].
• Using both bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and nuclear proliferating cell nuclear antigen detection, we found that cisplatin administration caused kidney cells to start entering the cell-cycle [32].
• Proliferation and apoptosis were assessed using bromodeoxyuridine staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling assays, respectively [33].

Gene context of Bromodeoxyuridine

• But labelling with bromodeoxyuridine shows that SCF is not, by itself, a mitogen for PGC [34].
• We found that mip130 mutant females are sterile and display inappropriate bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation throughout the follicle cell nuclei at stages undergoing gene amplification [35].
• The proliferating cardiac fibroblasts identified by bromodeoxyuridine staining were present predominantly in the areas surrounded by Agtr1a intact cardiomyocytes [36].
• The SCF receptor, c-kit, was expressed in neuronal cultures and in neuroproliferative zones of the adult rat brain, and in vivo administration of SCF increased BrdU labeling of immature neurons in these regions [37].
• Cell proliferation was measured by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation following p21(waf1/cip1) silencing with RNAi [38].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Bromodeoxyuridine

• DNA synthesis in cultured cells exposed to bromodeoxyuridine for as short a time as 6 minutes can be detected easily and rapidly by an immunofluorescent staining method and quantitated by flow cytometry [39].
• Cocultivation of spleen cells, lymph node cells, and thymocytes of female Wistar-King-Aptekman rats with short-term cultured male adult T cell leukemia (ATL) cells in the presence of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) resulted in the establishment of rat lymphoid cell lines, TARS-1, TARL-2, and TART-1 [40].
• Colonic biopsy specimens (rectal, sigmoidal, and descending) were obtained prior to and after the intervention trial, during endoscopy, for determination of labeling index (LI) of whole crypts and crypt compartments by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation and immunohistochemistry [41].
• Furthermore, the majority of proliferating cells detected by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation also stained with the TUNEL method [42].
• SCE frequencies in NTL, measured by autoradiography after incorporation of [3H]CDR, were the same as SCE frequencies measured by staining with BUDR at 10(-4) M [43].

References